Journal ArticleDOI
Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats
Frank Melzner,Jörn Thomsen,Wolfgang Koeve,Andreas Oschlies,Magdalena A. Gutowska,Hermann W. Bange,Hans Peter Hansen,Arne Körtzinger +7 more
TLDR
Coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat, as the magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.Abstract:
Ocean acidification is elicited by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and resulting oceanic uptake of excess CO2 and might constitute an abiotic stressor powerful enough to alter marine ecosystem structures. For surface waters in gas-exchange equilibrium with the atmosphere, models suggest increases in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from current values of ca. 390 μatm to ca. 700–1,000 μatm by the end of the century. However, in typically unequilibrated coastal hypoxic regions, much higher pCO2 values can be expected, as heterotrophic degradation of organic material is necessarily related to the production of CO2 (i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon). Here, we provide data and estimates that, even under current conditions, maximum pCO2 values of 1,700–3,200 μatm can easily be reached when all oxygen is consumed at salinities between 35 and 20, respectively. Due to the nonlinear nature of the carbonate system, the approximate doubling of seawater pCO2 in surface waters due to ocean acidification will most strongly affect coastal hypoxic zones as pCO2 during hypoxia will increase proportionally: we calculate maximum pCO2 values of ca. 4,500 μatm at a salinity of 20 (T = 10 °C) and ca. 3,400 μatm at a salinity of 35 (T = 10 °C) when all oxygen is consumed. Upwelling processes can bring these CO2-enriched waters in contact with shallow water ecosystems and may then affect species performance there as well. We conclude that (1) combined stressor experiments (pCO2 and pO2) are largely missing at the moment and that (2) coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat. In general, the worldwide spread of coastal hypoxic zones also simultaneously is a spread of CO2-enriched zones. The magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lost at sea: ocean acidification undermines larval fish orientation via altered hearing and marine soundscape modification
TL;DR: It is shown that ocean acidification causes a switch in role of present-day soundscapes from attractor to repellent in the auditory preferences in a temperate larval fish, and it is revealed that Ocean acidification can impact marine soundscape by profoundly diminishing their biological sound production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diurnal fluctuations in CO2 and dissolved oxygen concentrations do not provide a refuge from hypoxia and acidification for early-life-stage bivalves
TL;DR: Forsberg et al. as mentioned in this paper assessed the effects of constant and diurnally fluctuating acidification and hypoxia on the survival, growth, and development of larval stages of 3 bivalves indigenous to the east coast of North America: bay scallops Argopecten irradians, hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria, and eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidant response of the hard shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to reduced pH and oxygen concentration.
Yanming Sui,Yanming Sui,Menghong Hu,Menghong Hu,Yueyong Shang,Fangli Wu,Xizhi Huang,Sam Dupont,Daniela Storch,Hans-Otto Pörtner,Jiale Li,Weiqun Lu,Weiqun Lu,Youji Wang,Youji Wang +14 more
TL;DR: Overall, the results suggested that decreased pH and low DO induced similar antioxidant responses in the hard shelled mussel, and showed an additive effect on most enzyme activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of intermittent exposure to low-pH and low-oxygen conditions on survival and growth of juvenile red abalone
TL;DR: Results indicate that prolonged exposure to low-oxygen levels is detrimental for the survival of red abalone, whereas pH is a crucial factor for their growth, however, the high individual variation in growth rate under low levels of both pH and oxygen suggests that cryptic phenotypic plasticity may promote resistance to prolonged upwelling conditions by a portion of the population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean Acidification Accelerates the Growth of Two Bloom-Forming Macroalgae
TL;DR: It is suggested that the overgrowth of macroalgae in eutrophic estuaries can be directly promoted by acidification, a process that will intensify in the coming decades.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
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Methods of seawater analysis
TL;DR: The Automatic Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) by Wet Chemical Oxidation is described in this paper, along with the results of HPLC analysis of photosynthetic pigments.
Supporting Online Material for Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
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