Journal ArticleDOI
Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats
Frank Melzner,Jörn Thomsen,Wolfgang Koeve,Andreas Oschlies,Magdalena A. Gutowska,Hermann W. Bange,Hans Peter Hansen,Arne Körtzinger +7 more
TLDR
Coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat, as the magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.Abstract:
Ocean acidification is elicited by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and resulting oceanic uptake of excess CO2 and might constitute an abiotic stressor powerful enough to alter marine ecosystem structures. For surface waters in gas-exchange equilibrium with the atmosphere, models suggest increases in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from current values of ca. 390 μatm to ca. 700–1,000 μatm by the end of the century. However, in typically unequilibrated coastal hypoxic regions, much higher pCO2 values can be expected, as heterotrophic degradation of organic material is necessarily related to the production of CO2 (i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon). Here, we provide data and estimates that, even under current conditions, maximum pCO2 values of 1,700–3,200 μatm can easily be reached when all oxygen is consumed at salinities between 35 and 20, respectively. Due to the nonlinear nature of the carbonate system, the approximate doubling of seawater pCO2 in surface waters due to ocean acidification will most strongly affect coastal hypoxic zones as pCO2 during hypoxia will increase proportionally: we calculate maximum pCO2 values of ca. 4,500 μatm at a salinity of 20 (T = 10 °C) and ca. 3,400 μatm at a salinity of 35 (T = 10 °C) when all oxygen is consumed. Upwelling processes can bring these CO2-enriched waters in contact with shallow water ecosystems and may then affect species performance there as well. We conclude that (1) combined stressor experiments (pCO2 and pO2) are largely missing at the moment and that (2) coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat. In general, the worldwide spread of coastal hypoxic zones also simultaneously is a spread of CO2-enriched zones. The magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature
TL;DR: While reduced seawater pH initially appeared to impair immunological functioning, mussels demonstrated the ability to restore haemolymph bactericidal activity when required, indicating that the initial reduction in antibacterial activity was in fact a reversible physiological trade-off, rather than an irreversible impairment of immune function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of Korean coastal hypoxia, focusing on its spatiotemporal variation, controlling factors, and effects on marine ecosystems, and consider the two hotspots of the natural Jinhae Bay (JB) and artificial Shihwa Bay (SB), which are referred to as Korean dead zones.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oysters and Eelgrass: Potential Partners in a High pCO2 Ocean
Maya L. Groner,Colleen A. Burge,Ruth Cox,Natalie Rivlin,Mo Turner,Kathryn L. Van Alstyne,Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria,Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria,John P. Bucci,Philip T. Staudigel,Carolyn S. Friedman +10 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that, when exposed to natural concentrations of LZ under high pCO2 conditions, eelgrass can benefit from co-culture with oyster, and that oyster presence did not influence pathogen load or EWD severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean acidification changes the male fitness landscape
TL;DR: OA will likely change the male fitness landscape, providing a mechanism by which environmental change alters the genetic landscape of marine species, such that the best males in current conditions are not necessarily best under OA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long‐Term and Seasonal Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Carbonate Systems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe long-term (1972-2016) and seasonal trends in the carbonate system of three Danish coastal systems demonstrating that hydrological modification, changes in nutrient inputs from land, and presence/absence of calcifiers can drastically alter carbonate chemistry.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
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Methods of seawater analysis
TL;DR: The Automatic Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) by Wet Chemical Oxidation is described in this paper, along with the results of HPLC analysis of photosynthetic pigments.
Supporting Online Material for Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
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