Journal ArticleDOI
Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats
Frank Melzner,Jörn Thomsen,Wolfgang Koeve,Andreas Oschlies,Magdalena A. Gutowska,Hermann W. Bange,Hans Peter Hansen,Arne Körtzinger +7 more
TLDR
Coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat, as the magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.Abstract:
Ocean acidification is elicited by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and resulting oceanic uptake of excess CO2 and might constitute an abiotic stressor powerful enough to alter marine ecosystem structures. For surface waters in gas-exchange equilibrium with the atmosphere, models suggest increases in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from current values of ca. 390 μatm to ca. 700–1,000 μatm by the end of the century. However, in typically unequilibrated coastal hypoxic regions, much higher pCO2 values can be expected, as heterotrophic degradation of organic material is necessarily related to the production of CO2 (i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon). Here, we provide data and estimates that, even under current conditions, maximum pCO2 values of 1,700–3,200 μatm can easily be reached when all oxygen is consumed at salinities between 35 and 20, respectively. Due to the nonlinear nature of the carbonate system, the approximate doubling of seawater pCO2 in surface waters due to ocean acidification will most strongly affect coastal hypoxic zones as pCO2 during hypoxia will increase proportionally: we calculate maximum pCO2 values of ca. 4,500 μatm at a salinity of 20 (T = 10 °C) and ca. 3,400 μatm at a salinity of 35 (T = 10 °C) when all oxygen is consumed. Upwelling processes can bring these CO2-enriched waters in contact with shallow water ecosystems and may then affect species performance there as well. We conclude that (1) combined stressor experiments (pCO2 and pO2) are largely missing at the moment and that (2) coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat. In general, the worldwide spread of coastal hypoxic zones also simultaneously is a spread of CO2-enriched zones. The magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biogeochemical processes and buffering capacity concurrently affect acidification in a seasonally hypoxic coastal marine basin
Mathilde Hagens,Caroline P. Slomp,Filip J. R. Meysman,Dorina Seitaj,Jérôme Harlay,Jérôme Harlay,Alberto Borges,Jack J. Middelburg +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified the seasonal variation in pH and oxygen dynamics in the water column of a seasonally stratified coastal basin ( Lake Grevelingen, the Netherlands) to assess the combined ecosystem impacts of acidification and hypoxia, and highlighted the importance of acidbase buffering in the pH dynamics of coastal systems and illustrate the increasing vulnerability of hypoxic, CO2-rich waters to any acidifying process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat waves and their significance for a temperate benthic community: A near-natural experimental approach.
Christian Pansch,Marco Scotti,Francisco R. Barboza,Balsam Al-Janabi,Janina Brakel,Elizabeta Briski,Björn Bucholz,Markus Franz,Maysa Ito,Filipa Paiva,Mahasweta Saha,Yvonne Sawall,Florian Weinberger,Martin Wahl +13 more
TL;DR: Marine summer heat waves have detrimental consequences for macrofauna of a temperate coastal community, and whether sequential heat waves provoke an increase or decrease of sensitivity to thermal stress, is tested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-generational responses of a marine polychaete to a rapid change in seawater pCO2
Araceli Rodríguez-Romero,Michael D. Jarrold,Michael D. Jarrold,Gloria Massamba-N'Siala,John I. Spicer,Piero Calosi,Piero Calosi +6 more
TL;DR: The importance of multi‐generational experiments in more accurately determining marine metazoans’ responses to changes in pCO2 is highlighted, and the case for exploring their use in conservation is strengthened, by creating specific p CO2 tolerant strains of keystone ecosystem species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxygen: the universal currency on coral reefs
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence that integrates across disciplines and perspectives to reveal how natural and anthropogenic factors drive variation in oxygen at multiple scales on coral reefs and this variation, in turn, limits essential processes such as productivity, respiration, and calcification on reefs and often plays a role in the outcome of interactions between corals and their competitors, pathogens, and mutualists.
Journal ArticleDOI
CO2-driven seawater acidification differentially affects development and molecular plasticity along life history of fish (Oryzias latipes)
Yung Che Tseng,Marian Y. Hu,Marian Y. Hu,Meike Stumpp,Meike Stumpp,Li Yih Lin,Frank Melzner,Pung-Pung Hwang +7 more
TL;DR: This study provides a first detailed gene expression analysis throughout the ontogeny of a euryhaline teleost in response to seawater hypercapnia, indicating highest sensitivity in early embryonic stages, when functional ion regulatory epithelia are not yet developed.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Supporting Online Material for Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
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