Journal ArticleDOI
Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats
Frank Melzner,Jörn Thomsen,Wolfgang Koeve,Andreas Oschlies,Magdalena A. Gutowska,Hermann W. Bange,Hans Peter Hansen,Arne Körtzinger +7 more
TLDR
Coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat, as the magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.Abstract:
Ocean acidification is elicited by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and resulting oceanic uptake of excess CO2 and might constitute an abiotic stressor powerful enough to alter marine ecosystem structures. For surface waters in gas-exchange equilibrium with the atmosphere, models suggest increases in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from current values of ca. 390 μatm to ca. 700–1,000 μatm by the end of the century. However, in typically unequilibrated coastal hypoxic regions, much higher pCO2 values can be expected, as heterotrophic degradation of organic material is necessarily related to the production of CO2 (i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon). Here, we provide data and estimates that, even under current conditions, maximum pCO2 values of 1,700–3,200 μatm can easily be reached when all oxygen is consumed at salinities between 35 and 20, respectively. Due to the nonlinear nature of the carbonate system, the approximate doubling of seawater pCO2 in surface waters due to ocean acidification will most strongly affect coastal hypoxic zones as pCO2 during hypoxia will increase proportionally: we calculate maximum pCO2 values of ca. 4,500 μatm at a salinity of 20 (T = 10 °C) and ca. 3,400 μatm at a salinity of 35 (T = 10 °C) when all oxygen is consumed. Upwelling processes can bring these CO2-enriched waters in contact with shallow water ecosystems and may then affect species performance there as well. We conclude that (1) combined stressor experiments (pCO2 and pO2) are largely missing at the moment and that (2) coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat. In general, the worldwide spread of coastal hypoxic zones also simultaneously is a spread of CO2-enriched zones. The magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Is Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH
Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte,Iris E. Hendriks,Tommy S. Moore,Ylva S. Olsen,Ylva S. Olsen,Alexandra Steckbauer,Laura Ramajo,Laura Ramajo,Jacob Carstensen,Julie Trotter,Malcolm T. McCulloch +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that ocean acidification from anthropogenic CO2 emissions is largely an open ocean syndrome and that a concept of anthro- pogenic impacts on marine pH, which is applicable across the entire ocean, from coastal to open-ocean environments, provides a superior framework to consider the multiple components of the anthropogenic perturbation of marine pH trajectories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple Stressors in a Changing World: The Need for an Improved Perspective on Physiological Responses to the Dynamic Marine Environment
TL;DR: The find that multi-stressor experiments have rarely incorporated naturalistic physicochemical variation into their designs, and the importance of doing so to make ecologically relevant inferences about physiological responses to global change is emphasized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food availability outweighs ocean acidification effects in juvenileMytilus edulis: laboratory and field experiments
TL;DR: It is concluded that benthic stages of M. edulis tolerate high ambient pCO2 when food supply is abundant and that important habitat characteristics such as species interactions and energy availability need to be considered to predict species vulnerability to ocean acidification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential for acidification in eutrophic estuaries was assessed during the onset, peak, and demise of low oxygen conditions in systems across the northeast US including Narragansett Bay (RI), Long Island Sound (CT-NY), Jamaica Bay (NY), and Hempstead Bay ( NY).
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ocean acidification on fish
Rachael M. Heuer,Martin Grosell +1 more
TL;DR: The present review presents a clear message that ocean acidification may cause significant effects on fish across multiple physiological systems, suggesting that pH compensation does not necessarily confer tolerance as downstream consequences and tradeoffs occur.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gas transfer velocities of CO2 in three European estuaries (Randers Fjord, Scheldt, and Thames)
Alberto Borges,Bruno Delille,L.-S. Schiettecatte,Frédéric Gazeau,Frédéric Gazeau,Gwenaöl Abril,Michel Frankignoulle +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the flux of CO 2 across the air-water interface using the floating chamber method in three European estuaries with contrasting physical characteristics (Randers Fjord, Scheldt, and Thames).
Journal ArticleDOI
Biocalcification in the Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea virginica) in Relation to Long-term Trends in Chesapeake Bay pH
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Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of ocean acidification and elevated temperatures on early juveniles of the polar shelled pteropod Limacina helicina: mortality, shell degradation, and shell growth
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of rising partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and elevated temperature on pre-winter juveniles of the polar pteropod Limacina helicina.
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