Journal ArticleDOI
Future ocean acidification will be amplified by hypoxia in coastal habitats
Frank Melzner,Jörn Thomsen,Wolfgang Koeve,Andreas Oschlies,Magdalena A. Gutowska,Hermann W. Bange,Hans Peter Hansen,Arne Körtzinger +7 more
TLDR
Coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat, as the magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.Abstract:
Ocean acidification is elicited by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and resulting oceanic uptake of excess CO2 and might constitute an abiotic stressor powerful enough to alter marine ecosystem structures. For surface waters in gas-exchange equilibrium with the atmosphere, models suggest increases in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) from current values of ca. 390 μatm to ca. 700–1,000 μatm by the end of the century. However, in typically unequilibrated coastal hypoxic regions, much higher pCO2 values can be expected, as heterotrophic degradation of organic material is necessarily related to the production of CO2 (i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon). Here, we provide data and estimates that, even under current conditions, maximum pCO2 values of 1,700–3,200 μatm can easily be reached when all oxygen is consumed at salinities between 35 and 20, respectively. Due to the nonlinear nature of the carbonate system, the approximate doubling of seawater pCO2 in surface waters due to ocean acidification will most strongly affect coastal hypoxic zones as pCO2 during hypoxia will increase proportionally: we calculate maximum pCO2 values of ca. 4,500 μatm at a salinity of 20 (T = 10 °C) and ca. 3,400 μatm at a salinity of 35 (T = 10 °C) when all oxygen is consumed. Upwelling processes can bring these CO2-enriched waters in contact with shallow water ecosystems and may then affect species performance there as well. We conclude that (1) combined stressor experiments (pCO2 and pO2) are largely missing at the moment and that (2) coastal ocean acidification experimental designs need to be closely adjusted to carbonate system variability within the specific habitat. In general, the worldwide spread of coastal hypoxic zones also simultaneously is a spread of CO2-enriched zones. The magnitude of expected changes in pCO2 in these regions indicates that coastal systems may be more endangered by future global climate change than previously thought.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring aberrant bivalve shell ultrastructure and geochemistry as proxies for past sea water acidification
Sabine Hahn,Erika Griesshaber,Wolfgang W. Schmahl,Rolf D. Neuser,Ann-Christine Ritter,René Hoffmann,Dieter Buhl,Andrea Niedermayr,Anna Geske,Adrian Immenhauser +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the response of bivalve shell ultrastructure and isotope geochemistry (C-13, O-18 and Mg-26) to stressful environments, in particular to sea water acidification, was explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparing Subsurface Seasonal Deoxygenation and Acidification in the Yellow Sea and Northern East China Sea Along the North-to-South Latitude Gradient
Tian-qi Xiong,Qin-sheng Wei,Weidong Zhai,Cheng-long Li,Song-yin Wang,Yi-xing Zhang,Shuo-jiang Liu,Si-qing Yu +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between seasonal deoxygenation and acidification in the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea (ECS) was investigated by examining carbonate system parameters and dissolved oxygen (DO) of seven field surveys conducted in 2017-2018, spanning all four seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
You Better Repeat It: Complex CO2 × Temperature Effects in Atlantic Silverside Offspring Revealed by Serial Experimentation
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the early life stages of this ecologically important forage fish appear largely tolerate to even extreme levels of CO2 across a broad thermal regime.
Journal ArticleDOI
Living in warmer, more acidic oceans retards physiological recovery from tidal emersion in the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber.
Samuel P. S. Rastrick,Piero Calosi,Ruth Calder-Potts,Andrew Foggo,Gregory Nightingale,Stephen Widdicombe,John I. Spicer +6 more
TL;DR: If elevated environmental pCO2 and temperature lead to slower recovery after emersion, then some predominantly subtidal species that also inhabit the low to mid shore, such as N. puber, may have a reduced physiological capacity to retain their presence in the low intert tidal zone, ultimately affecting their bathymetric range of distribution, as well as the structure and diversity of intertidal assemblages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generalised expressions for the response of pH to changes in ocean chemistry
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present general expressions describing the sensitivity of pH and concentrations of CO2 and other acid-base species to a change in ocean chemistry, and apply these expressions to contemporary global ocean surface water and possible changes therein.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Methods of seawater analysis
TL;DR: The Automatic Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) by Wet Chemical Oxidation is described in this paper, along with the results of HPLC analysis of photosynthetic pigments.
Supporting Online Material for Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: The formation of dead zones has been exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
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