Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Part I: General Considerations, the Epidemiologic Transition, Risk Factors, and Impact of Urbanization
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TLDR
An overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease is provided and overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization are described.Abstract:
This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiologic transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; and then provides estimates of the burden of cardiovascular (CV) diseases with specific focus on the developing countries. Next, we summarize key information on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicate that their importance may have been underestimated. Then, we describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention.read more
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Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study
Salim Yusuf,Steven Hawken,Stephanie Ôunpuu,Tony Dans,Alvaro Avezum,Fernando Lanas,Matthew J. McQueen,Andrzej Budaj,Prem Pais,John Varigos,Liu Lisheng +10 more
TL;DR: Abnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol, and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of myocardial infarction worldwide in both sexes and at all ages in all regions.
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Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data
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TL;DR: The overall prevalence and absolute burden of hypertension in 2000 and the global burden in 2025 were estimated to be about 1.56 billion (1.54-1.58 billion) and the number of adults with hypertension in 2025 was predicted to increase by about 60% respectively.
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Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health
TL;DR: The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) as mentioned in this paper was created to marshal the evidence on what can be done to promote health equity and to foster a global movement to achieve it.
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Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study.
Salim Yusuf,Steven Hawken,Stephanie Ôunpuu,Leonelo E. Bautista,Maria Grazia Franzosi,Patrick J. Commerford,Chim C. Lang,Zvonko Rumboldt,Churchill L. Onen,Liu Lisheng,Supachai Tanomsup,Paul Wangai,Fahad Razak,Arya M. Sharma,Sonia S. Anand +14 more
TL;DR: Redefinition of obesity based on waist-to-hip ratio instead of BMI increases the estimate of myocardial infarction attributable to obesity in most ethnic groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II.
Morteza Naghavi,Peter Libby,Erling Falk,S. Ward Casscells,S. Ward Casscells,Silvio H. Litovsky,Silvio H. Litovsky,John A. Rumberger,Juan J. Badimon,Christodoulos Stefanadis,Pedro R. Moreno,Gerard Pasterkamp,Zahi A. Fayad,Peter Stone,Sergio Waxman,Paolo Raggi,Mohammad Madjid,Mohammad Madjid,Alireza Zarrabi,Alireza Zarrabi,Allen P. Burke,Chun Yuan,Peter J. Fitzgerald,David S. Siscovick,Chris L. de Korte,Masanori Aikawa,K.E. Juhani Airaksinen,Gerd Assmann,Christoph R. Becker,James H. Chesebro,Andrew Farb,Zorina S. Galis,Christopher L. Jackson,Ik-Kyung Jang,Wolfgang Koenig,Robert A. Lodder,Keith L. March,Jasenka Demirovic,Mohamad Navab,Silvia G. Priori,Mark D. Rekhter,Raymond D. Bahr,Scott M. Grundy,Roxana Mehran,Antonio Colombo,Eric Boerwinkle,Christie M. Ballantyne,William Insull,Robert S. Schwartz,Robert A. Vogel,Patrick W. Serruys,Göran K. Hansson,David P. Faxon,Sanjay Kaul,Helmut Drexler,Philip Greenland,James E. Muller,Renu Virmani,Renu Virmani,Paul M. Ridker,Douglas P. Zipes,Prediman K. Shah,James T. Willerson,James T. Willerson +63 more
TL;DR: The term "vulnerable patient" may be more appropriate and is proposed now for the identification of subjects with high likelihood of developing cardiac events in the near future and a quantitative method for cumulative risk assessment of vulnerable patients needs to be developed.
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