Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth’s forests
William M. Hammond,A. Park Williams,John T. Abatzoglou,Henry D. Adams,Tamir Klein,Rosana López,Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero,Henrik Hartmann,David D. Breshears,Craig D. Allen +9 more
TLDR
This paper established a geo-referenced global database documenting climate-induced mortality events spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970.Abstract:
Abstract Earth’s forests face grave challenges in the Anthropocene, including hotter droughts increasingly associated with widespread forest die-off events. But despite the vital importance of forests to global ecosystem services, their fates in a warming world remain highly uncertain. Lacking is quantitative determination of commonality in climate anomalies associated with pulses of tree mortality—from published, field-documented mortality events—required for understanding the role of extreme climate events in overall global tree die-off patterns. Here we established a geo-referenced global database documenting climate-induced mortality events spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970. Our analysis quantifies a global “hotter-drought fingerprint” from these tree-mortality sites—effectively a hotter and drier climate signal for tree mortality—across 675 locations encompassing 1,303 plots. Frequency of these observed mortality-year climate conditions strongly increases nonlinearly under projected warming. Our database also provides initial footing for further community-developed, quantitative, ground-based monitoring of global tree mortality. read more
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Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide.
Henrik Hartmann,Ana Carolina Fortes Bastos,Adrian J. Das,Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert,William M. Hammond,Jordi Martínez-Vilalta,Nate G. McDowell,Jennifer S. Powers,Thomas A. M. Pugh,Katinka X. Ruthrof,Craig D. Allen +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors document events of sudden and unexpected elevated tree mortality following heat and drought events in ecosystems that previously were considered tolerant or not at risk of exposure, and use the events as examples to highlight current difficulties and challenges for realistically predicting such tree mortality events and the uncertainties about future forest condition.
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Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought‐induced tree mortality
Peter Hajek,Roman M. Link,Charles A. Nock,Jürgen Bauhus,Tobias Gebauer,Arthur Gessler,Kyle Kovach,Christian Messier,Alain Paquette,Matthias Saurer,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Laura Lee Rose,Bernhard Schuldt +12 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk.
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Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress
Paul E. Verslues,Julia Bailey-Serres,Craig R. Brodersen,Thomas N. Buckley,Lucio Conti,Alexander Christmann,José R. Dinneny,Erwin Grill,Scott Hayes,Robert W. Heckman,Po-Kai Hsu,Thomas E. Juenger,Paloma Mas,Teun Munnik,Hilde Nelissen,Lawren Sack,Julian I. Schroeder,Christa Testerink,Stephen D. Tyerman,Taishi Umezawa,Philip A. Wigge +20 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology, including the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development; and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses.
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Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
Jing-Dan Liang,Javier G. P. Gamarra,Nicolas Picard,Bryan C. Pijanowski,Douglass F. Jacobs,Peter B. Reich,Thomas W. Crowther,Gert-Jan Nabuurs,S. de-Miguel,Jingyun Fang,Christopher W. Woodall,Jens-Christian Svenning,Tommaso Jucker,Jean-François Bastin,Susan K. Wiser,Ferry Slik,Bruno Hérault,Giorgio Alberti,Gunnar Keppel,Geerten M. Hengeveld,Pierre L. Ibisch,Carlos A. Silva,Hans ter Steege,Pablo Luis Peri,David A. Coomes,Eric B. Searle,Klaus von Gadow,Bogdan Jaroszewicz,Akane O. Abbasi,Meinrad Abegg,Yves C Adou Yao,Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez,Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano,Jan Altman,Esteban Álvarez-Dávila,Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González,Luciana F. Alves,Bienvenu H K Amani,C. Amani,Christian Ammer,Bhely Angoboy Ilondea,Clara Antón-Fernández,Valerio Avitabile,Gerardo Aymard,Akomian Fortuné Azihou,Johan Baard,Timothy R. Baker,Radomir Bałazy,Meredith L. Bastian,Rodrigue Batumike,Marijn Bauters,Hans Beeckman,Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu,Robert Bitariho,Pascal Boeckx,Jan Bogaert,Frans Bongers,Olivier Bouriaud,Pedro H. S. Brancalion,Susanne Brandl,Francis Q. Brearley,Jaime Briseño-Reyes,Eben N. Broadbent,Helge Bruelheide,Erwin Bulte,Ann Christine Catlin,Roberto Cazzolla Gatti,Ricardo Gomes César,Han Y. H. Chen,Chelsea Chisholm,Emil Cienciala,Gabriel Dalla Colletta,José Javier Corral-Rivas,Anibal Cuchietti,Aida Cuni-Sanchez,Javid A. Dar,Selvadurai Dayanandan,Thalès de Haulleville,Mathieu Decuyper,Sylvain Delabye,Géraldine Derroire,Ben DeVries,J. Diisi,Tran Van Do,Jiří Doležal,Aurélie Dourdain,Graham Durrheim,Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang,Corneille E. N. Ewango,Teresa J. Eyre,Tom M. Fayle,Lethicia Flavine N Feunang,Leena Finér,Markus Fischer,Jonas Fridman,Lorenzo Frizzera,André Luís de Gasper,Damiano Gianelle,Henry B. Glick,M. Socorro González-Elizondo,Lev Gorenstein,Richard Habonayo,Olivier J. Hardy,David Harris,Andy Hector,Andreas Hemp,Martin Herold,Annika Hillers,Wannes Hubau,Thomas Ibanez,Nobuo Imai,Gerard Imani,Andrzej M. Jagodziński,Štěpán Janeček,Vivian Kvist Johannsen,Carlos Alfredo Joly,Blaise Jumbam,Banoho L P R Kabelong,Goytom Abraha Kahsay,V.N. Karminov,Kuswata Kartawinata,Justin Kassi,Elizabeth Kearsley,Deborah K. Kennard,Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas,Mohammed Latif Khan,John N. Kigomo,Hyun-Seok Kim,Carine Klauberg,Yannick Klomberg,Henn Korjus,Subashree Kothandaraman,Florian Kraxner,Amit Kumar,Relawan Kuswandi,Mait Lang,Michael J. Lawes,Rodrigo Vieira Leite,Geoffrey Lentner,Simon L. Lewis,Moses Libalah,Janvier Lisingo,Pablito M. López-Serrano,Huicui Lu,N. V. Lukina,Anne Mette Lykke,Vincent Maicher,Brian S. Maitner,Eric Marcon,Andrew R. Marshall,Emanuel H. Martin,Olga Martynenko,Faustin M. Mbayu,Musingo T. E. Mbuvi,Jorge A. Meave,Cory Merow,Stanisław Miścicki,Vanessa de Souza Moreno,Albert Morera,Sharif A. Mukul,Jörg Müller,Agustinus Murdjoko,M. Guadalupe Nava-Miranda,L.E. Ndive,Victor J. Neldner,Radovan Nevenić,Louis N Nforbelie,Michael L. Ngoh,Anny Estelle N'Guessan,Michael R. Ngugi,Alain Senghor K. Ngute,Emile Narcisse N Njila,Melanie Chichi Nyako,Thomas O. Ochuodho,Jacek Oleksyn,Alain Paquette,Elena I. Parfenova,Minjee Park,Marc P. E. Parren,Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy,Sebastian Pfautsch,Oliver L. Phillips,Maria Tf Piedade,Daniel Piotto,Martina Pollastrini,Lourens Poorter,John R. Poulsen,Axel Dalberg Poulsen,Hans Pretzsch,Mirco Rodeghiero,Samir Gonçalves Rolim,Francesco Rovero,Ervan Rutishauser,Khosro Sagheb-Talebi,Purabi Saikia,Moses N. Sainge,Christian Salas-Eljatib,A. Salis,Peter Schall,Dmitry Schepaschenko,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Bernhard Schmid,Jochen Schöngart,Vladimír Šebeň,Giacomo Sellan,Federico Selvi,Josep M. Serra-Diaz,Douglas Sheil,Anatoly Shvidenko,Plinio Sist,Alexandre F. Souza,Krzysztof Stereńczak,Martin J. P. Sullivan,Somaiah Sundarapandian,Miroslav Svoboda,Michael D. Swaine,Natalia Targhetta,Nadja TchebakovaN. Tchebakova,Liam A. Trethowan,Robert Tropek,John Tshibamba Mukendi,Peter M. Umunay,Vladimir A. Usoltsev,Gaia Vaglio Laurin,Riccardo Valentini,Fernando Valladares,F. van der Plas,Daniel José Vega-Nieva,Hans Verbeeck,Helder Viana,Alexander Christian Vibrans,Simone Aparecida Vieira,Jason Vleminckx,Catherine E. Waite,Hua-Feng Wang,Eric K. Wasingya,Chemuku Wekesa,Bertil Westerlund,Florian Wittmann,Verginia Wortel,Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki,Chunyu Zhang,Xiuhai Zhao,Jun Zhu,Xiao Zhu,Zhiyuan Zhu,Irie Casimir Zo-Bi,Cang Hui +247 more
TL;DR: In this article , a high-resolution map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots is presented.
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California’s forest carbon offsets buffer pool is severely undercapitalized
TL;DR: In this article , the authors performed an actuarial analysis of the performance of California's buffer pool and found that the buffer pool is severely under-capitalized and therefore unlikely to be able to guarantee the environmental integrity of California’s forest offsets program for 100 years.
References
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