How do taste cells lacking synapses mediate neurotransmission? CALHM1, a voltage-gated ATP channel.
TLDR
These new studies validate the concept of ATP as the primary neurotransmitter from type II cells to gustatory neurons and identify voltage‐gated ATP release through CALHM1 as an essential molecular mechanism of ATP release in taste buds.Abstract:
CALHM1 was recently demonstrated to be a voltage-gated ATP-permeable ion channel and to serve as a bona fide conduit for ATP release from sweet-, umami-, and bitter-sensing type II taste cells. Calhm1 is expressed in taste buds exclusively in type II cells and its product has structural and functional similarities with connexins and pannexins, two families of channel protein candidates for ATP release by type II cells. Calhm1 knockout in mice leads to loss of perception of sweet, umami, and bitter compounds and to impaired gustatory nerve responses to these tastants. These new studies validate the concept of ATP as the primary neurotransmitter from type II cells to gustatory neurons. Furthermore, they identify voltage-gated ATP release through CALHM1 as an essential molecular mechanism of ATP release in taste buds. We discuss these new findings, as well as unresolved issues in peripheral taste signaling that we hope will stimulate future research.read more
Citations
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ATP Release Channels.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Purinergic Neurotransmission
TL;DR: This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, i.e., ATP released from nerves as a transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre- and postjunctional membranes at neuroeffector junctions and synapses, as well as acting as a trophic factor during development and regeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pannexin membrane channels are mechanosensitive conduits for ATP
TL;DR: Pannexin 1 channels have a wide expression spectrum, they are of large conductance and permeant for ATP, and they are mechanosensitive, Hence, pannexins are candidates for the release of ATP to the extracellular space upon mechanical stress.
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TL;DR: What is known of the structure of the MRPs and the mechanisms by which they recognize and transport their diverse substrates are described and evidence that they may be involved in the clinical drug resistance of various forms of cancer is summarized.
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Pannexins, a family of gap junction proteins expressed in brain
TL;DR: It is shown that two of these genes, pannexin 1 (Px1) and Px2, are abundantly expressed in the CNS and indicate that pannexins form cell type-specific gap junctions with distinct properties that may subserve different functions.
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Common Sense about Taste: From Mammals to Insects
TL;DR: There is now persuasive evidence that tastant quality is mediated by labeled lines, whereby distinct and strictly segregated populations of taste receptor cells encode each of the taste qualities.
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