Human DNA Repair Genes
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TLDR
Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.Abstract:
Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.read more
Citations
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3-Methyladenine DNA glycosylase is important for cellular resistance to psoralen interstrand cross-links
TL;DR: It is reported that the 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag), an enzyme that initiates base excision repair at a variety of alkylated bases, is also involved in the repair of ICLs, and shows that gamma-H2AX foci formation is impaired in psoralen treated Aag(-/-) cells in both quantity and kinetics.
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The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction.
Irun R. Cohen,Assaf Marron +1 more
TL;DR: Survival-of-the-fitted explains universal adaptations, including resident microbiomes, sexual reproduction, continuous diversification, programmed turnover, seemingly wasteful phenotypes, altruism, co-evolving environmental niches, and advancing complexity.
References
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Tomas Lindahl,Richard D. Wood +1 more
TL;DR: In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases, and the integrity of the genetic information is compromised.