Human DNA Repair Genes
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TLDR
Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.Abstract:
Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.read more
Citations
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Journal Article
DNA damage and repair in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration.
TL;DR: Maintenance of in-house DNA-repair mechanisms may provide an alternate approach for the rescue of photoreceptors, as well as other neurons with stress-induced damage, and may provide useful drug targets to promote photoreceptor survival in various forms of retinal degeneration.
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Relationship between XPG codon 1104 polymorphism and risk of primary lung cancer
Hyo Sung Jeon,Kyung Mee Kim,S.-H. Park,Su Yeon Lee,Jin Eun Choi,Ga Young Lee,Sin Kam,Rang Woon Park,In San Kim,Chang Ho Kim,Tae Hoon Jung,Jae Yong Park +11 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the XPG codon 1104 polymorphism contributes to genetic susceptibility to lung cancer.
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Increased apoptosis, p53 up-regulation, and cerebellar neuronal degeneration in repair-deficient Cockayne syndrome mice.
TL;DR: Complete deficiency in nucleotide excision repair renders the brain profoundly sensitive to neurodegeneration in specific cell types of the cerebellum, possibly because of unrepaired endogenous DNA damage that is a substrate for nucleotide but not base excision Repair.
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Irofulven cytotoxicity depends on transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and is correlated with XPG expression in solid tumor cells.
Florence Koeppel,Virginie Poindessous,Vladimir Lazar,Eric Raymond,Alain Sarasin,Annette K. Larsen +5 more
TL;DR: The results presented here suggest that XPG expression in such tumors may be a useful marker to predict their sensitivity to irofulven, and increasing evidence indicates that compromised nucleotide excision repair activity is frequent in several solid tumor types.
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Association between Polymorphisms in DNA Base Excision Repair Genes XRCC1, APE1, and ADPRT and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Feng-Yu Chiang,Che-Wei Wu,Pi-Jung Hsiao,Wen-Rei Kuo,Ka-Wo Lee,Jen-Chih Lin,Yi-Chu Liao,Suh-Hang Hank Juo +7 more
TL;DR: The XRCC1 polymorphisms, especially the 194Trp allele, may have an effect on DTC development and progression and can interact with ADPRT-762Ala variant to further substantially increase susceptibility to the disease and regional LN metastasis.
References
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Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
TL;DR: This is the first complete genome sequence of a plant and provides the foundations for more comprehensive comparison of conserved processes in all eukaryotes, identifying a wide range of plant-specific gene functions and establishing rapid systematic ways to identify genes for crop improvement.
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The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective
TL;DR: The inability to repair DNA damage properly in mammals leads to various disorders and enhanced rates of tumour development, and this work has shown that direct activation of DNA repair networks is needed to correct this problem.
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Inactivation of the DNA-Repair Gene MGMT and the Clinical Response of Gliomas to Alkylating Agents
Manel Esteller,Jesús García-Foncillas,Esther Andion,Steven N. Goodman,Oscar Fernandez Hidalgo,Vicente Vanaclocha,Stephen B. Baylin,James G. Herman +7 more
TL;DR: Methylation of the MGMT promoter in gliomas is a useful predictor of the responsiveness of the tumors to alkylating agents and an independent and stronger prognostic factor than age, stage, tumor grade, or performance status.
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Functional genomic analysis of C. elegans chromosome I by systematic RNA interference
Andrew G. Fraser,Ravi S. Kamath,Peder Zipperlen,Maruxa Martinez-Campos,Marc Sohrmann,Julie Ahringer +5 more
TL;DR: A reusable library of bacterial clones is constructed that will permit unlimited RNAi screens in the future and should help develop a more complete view of the relationships between the genome, gene function and the environment.
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Quality control by DNA repair.
Tomas Lindahl,Richard D. Wood +1 more
TL;DR: In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases, and the integrity of the genetic information is compromised.