Human DNA Repair Genes
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TLDR
Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.Abstract:
Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.read more
Citations
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Genetic polymorphisms in RAD23B and XPC modulate DNA repair capacity and breast cancer risk in Puerto Rican women
Julyann Pérez-Mayoral,Alba L. Pacheco-Torres,Luisa Morales,Heidi Acosta-Rodríguez,Jaime Matta,Julie Dutil +5 more
TL;DR: The authors' data indicate an additive effect of the NER SNPs on DRC and breast cancer risk in Puerto Rican women and incremental augmentations in risk with increasing number of risk genotypes at those loci.
The Role of XPG in Processing (CAG) n /(CTG) n
TL;DR: A novel role for XPG is revealed in genome-maintenance and implicates XPG in diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion in human cells via endonucleolytic incisions.
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Association between the XPG Asp1104His and XPF Arg415Gln polymorphisms and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: A meta-analysis suggests that XPF Arg415Gln polymorphism may be associated with decreased lung cancer risk and XPG Asp1104His may be a low-penetrant risk factor in some cancers development.
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Genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1, HOGG1 and MGMT and micronucleus occurrence in Chinese vinyl chloride-exposed workers
Qi Wang,Fang Ji,Yuan Sun,Yu Lan Qiu,Wei Wang,Fen Wu,Wen Bin Miao,Yongliang Li,Paul W. Brandt-Rauf,Zhao Lin Xia +9 more
TL;DR: CB-MN was a sensitive index of early damage among VCM-exposed workers and among susceptibility diplotypes, CGA/CAG carriers had more risk of MN frequency compared with individuals with wild-type CGG/CGG.
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Genetic variant in APE1 gene promoter contributes to cervical cancer risk.
TL;DR: Findings suggested that the APE1 -656T>G polymorphism was associated with cervical cancer risk in a Chinese population by affecting the binding affinity of transcriptional factors to the promoter, leading to an increased expression level of APe1.
References
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Tomas Lindahl,Richard D. Wood +1 more
TL;DR: In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases, and the integrity of the genetic information is compromised.