Human DNA Repair Genes
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TLDR
Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.Abstract:
Cellular DNA is subjected to continual attack, both by reactive species inside cells and by environmental agents. Toxic and mutagenic consequences are minimized by distinct pathways of repair, and 130 known human DNA repair genes are described here. Notable features presently include four enzymes that can remove uracil from DNA, seven recombination genes related to RAD51, and many recently discovered DNA polymerases that bypass damage, but only one system to remove the main DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet light. More human DNA repair genes will be found by comparison with model organisms and as common folds in three-dimensional protein structures are determined. Modulation of DNA repair should lead to clinical applications including improvement of radiotherapy and treatment with anticancer drugs and an advanced understanding of the cellular aging process.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
UV Light-induced DNA Damage and Tolerance for the Survival of Nucleotide Excision Repair-deficient Human Cells
Satoshi Nakajima,Li Lan,Shin Ichiro Kanno,Masashi Takao,Kazuo Yamamoto,André P. M. Eker,Akira Yasui +6 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the cell killing effect of the two major UV light-induced DNA lesions in nucleotide excision repair-deficient human cells found that RNA interference designed to suppress polymerase ζ activity made the cells more sensitive to UV light, indicating that polymeraseλ is involved in the tolerance of 6-4PPs in human cells.
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Developmental Regulation and In Vitro Culture Effects on Expression of DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Checkpoint Control Genes in Rhesus Monkey Oocytes and Embryos
TL;DR: The expression data reveal dynamic temporal changes, indicating a changing ability of the rhesus embryo to detect and repair different kinds of DNA damage, and that in vitro culture may lead to dysregulation of many such genes and a potentially impaired ability to repair DNA damage.
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Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes in the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal (Barrett) adenocarcinoma.
Alan G. Casson,Zuoyu Zheng,Susan C. Evans,Paul J. Veugelers,Geoffrey A. Porter,Duane L. Guernsey +5 more
TL;DR: The protective effect of the homozygous variant of XRCC1 Arg399Gln for GERD and BE suggests that base excision repair alterations may occur early in progression to EADC, likely in response to GERD-induced endogenous oxidative or inflammatory DNA damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-dimensional functional molecular nanoarchitectures – Complementary investigations with scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the most important achievements of bottom-up fabricated, molecular nanostructures created on single crystal metal surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions.
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Polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XPC, XPD, and XPG and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a case-control analysis.
Chunying Li,Zhibin Hu,Zhensheng Liu,Li E. Wang,Sara S. Strom,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Jeffrey E. Lee,Merrick I. Ross,Paul F. Mansfield,Janice N. Cormier,Victor G. Prieto,Madeleine Duvic,Elizabeth A. Grimm,Qingyi Wei +13 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that genetic variants of the XPD gene might serve as biomarkers for susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma.
References
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TL;DR: In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases, and the integrity of the genetic information is compromised.