Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults
Shawn F. Sorrells,Mercedes F. Paredes,Arantxa Cebrián-Silla,Kadellyn Sandoval,Dashi Qi,Kevin W. Kelley,David James,Simone Mayer,Julia W. Chang,Kurtis I. Auguste,Edward F. Chang,Antonio Gutierrez,Arnold R. Kriegstein,Gary W. Mathern,Michael C. Oldham,Eric J. Huang,José Manuel García-Verdugo,Zhengang Yang,Arturo Alvarez-Buylla +18 more
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TLDR
It is shown that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans.Abstract:
New neurons continue to be generated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the adult mammalian hippocampus. This process has been linked to learning and memory, stress and exercise, and is thought to be altered in neurological disease. In humans, some studies have suggested that hundreds of new neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus every day, whereas other studies find many fewer putative new neurons. Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. Here we show that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development. We also find that the number of proliferating progenitors and young neurons in the dentate gyrus declines sharply during the first year of life and only a few isolated young neurons are observed by 7 and 13 years of age. In adult patients with epilepsy and healthy adults (18-77 years; n = 17 post-mortem samples from controls; n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus. In the monkey (Macaca mulatta) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved.read more
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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Elena P. Moreno-Jiménez,Elena P. Moreno-Jiménez,Miguel Flor-García,Miguel Flor-García,Julia Terreros-Roncal,Julia Terreros-Roncal,Alberto Rábano,Fabio Cafini,Noemí Pallas-Bazarra,Jesús Avila,María Llorens-Martín,María Llorens-Martín +11 more
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Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists throughout Aging
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TL;DR: It is possible that ongoing hippocampal neurogenesis sustains human-specific cognitive function throughout life and that declines may be linked to compromised cognitive-emotional resilience.
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Human Adult Neurogenesis: Evidence and Remaining Questions.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus
Peter S. Eriksson,Ekaterina Perfilieva,Thomas Björk-Eriksson,Ann Marie Alborn,Claes Nordborg,Daniel A. Peterson,Fred H. Gage +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans, indicating that the human hippocampus retains its ability to generate neurons throughout life.
Journal ArticleDOI
An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia, Neurons, and Vascular Cells of the Cerebral Cortex
Ye Zhang,Kenian Chen,Steven A. Sloan,Mariko L. Bennett,Anja R. Scholze,Sean O'Keeffe,Hemali Phatnani,Paolo Guarnieri,Christine Caneda,Nadine Ruderisch,Shuyun Deng,Shane A. Liddelow,Chaolin Zhang,Richard Daneman,Tom Maniatis,Ben A. Barres,Jian Qian Wu +16 more
TL;DR: The authors' data provide clues as to how neurons and astrocytes differ in their ability to dynamically regulate glycolytic flux and lactate generation attributable to unique splicing of PKM2, the gene encoding the glycoleytic enzyme pyruvate kinase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that voluntary exercise is sufficient for enhanced neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus, in amounts similar to enrichment conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment
TL;DR: It is shown that significantly more new neurons exist in the dentate gyrus of mice exposed to an enriched environment compared with littermates housed in standard cages, and that the enriched mice have a larger hippocampal granule cell layer and 15 per cent moregranule cell neurons in the Dentate Gyrus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats
Joseph Altman,Gopal D. Das +1 more
TL;DR: It is postulated that undifferentiated cells migrate postnatally from the forebrain ventricles to the hippocampus where they become differentiated, implicating that they may function as receptors of gonadal hormones.