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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

In Silico Detection and Typing of Plasmids using PlasmidFinder and Plasmid Multilocus Sequence Typing

TLDR
Two easy-to-use Web tools for in silico detection and characterization of whole-genome sequence (WGS) and whole-plasmid sequence data from members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are designed and developed.
Abstract
In the work presented here, we designed and developed two easy-to-use Web tools for in silico detection and characterization of whole-genome sequence (WGS) and whole-plasmid sequence data from members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. These tools will facilitate bacterial typing based on draft genomes of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae species by the rapid detection of known plasmid types. Replicon sequences from 559 fully sequenced plasmids associated with the family Enterobacteriaceae in the NCBI nucleotide database were collected to build a consensus database for integration into a Web tool called PlasmidFinder that can be used for replicon sequence analysis of raw, contig group, or completely assembled and closed plasmid sequencing data. The PlasmidFinder database currently consists of 116 replicon sequences that match with at least at 80% nucleotide identity all replicon sequences identified in the 559 fully sequenced plasmids. For plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) analysis, a database that is updated weekly was generated from www.pubmlst.org and integrated into a Web tool called pMLST. Both databases were evaluated using draft genomes from a collection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates. PlasmidFinder identified a total of 103 replicons and between zero and five different plasmid replicons within each of 49 S . Typhimurium draft genomes tested. The pMLST Web tool was able to subtype genomic sequencing data of plasmids, revealing both known plasmid sequence types (STs) and new alleles and ST variants. In conclusion, testing of the two Web tools using both fully assembled plasmid sequences and WGS-generated draft genomes showed them to be able to detect a broad variety of plasmids that are often associated with antimicrobial resistance in clinically relevant bacterial pathogens.

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Epidemiological Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Dublin in German Cattle Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis to explore the genetic traits of S. Dublin and to determine their epidemiological context.
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The mobilome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: A large-scale observational hybrid sequencing based study

TL;DR: Future surveillance should, in addition to tracking plasmids currently associated with clinically important genes, focus on identifying and monitoring the dissemination of high-risk plasmid groups with the potential to rapidly acquire and disseminate these genes.
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Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter cloacae Complex from a Hospital to the Nearby Environment in Guadeloupe (French West Indies): ST114 Lineage Coding for a Successful IncHI2/ST1 Plasmid.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors isolated extended spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacter cloacae complex-producing strains from 35 clinical isolates, 29 samples of wastewater, 19 wild animals, and 10 domestic animals living in the hospital sewers and at or near a wastewater treatment plant to study the dissemination of clinically relevant resistance through hospital and urban effluents.
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Whole-genome characterisation of TEM-1 and CMY-2 β-lactamase-producing Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in Lebanese broiler chain.

TL;DR: For the first time in Lebanon, a case of detection and dissemination of the emerging highly drug-resistant S. enterica serovar Kentucky epidemic clone is reported, shedding new light on this clone as a potential public health threat.
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Elucidation of global and local epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis through multilevel genome typing

TL;DR: The novel multilevel genome typing (MGT) approach has characterised the genomic epidemiology of S. Enteritidis in unpreceded detail and demonstrated that MGT provides a flexible and high-resolution genome typing tool for S. enteritidis surveillance and outbreak detection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes

TL;DR: A web server providing a convenient way of identifying acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in completely sequenced isolates was created, and the method was evaluated on WGS chromosomes and plasmids of 30 isolates.
Journal ArticleDOI

Identification of plasmids by PCR-based replicon typing

TL;DR: Results indicated that the inc/rep PCR method demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity in detecting replicons on reference plasmids and also revealed the presence of recurrent and common plasmid in epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella isolates of different serotypes.
Journal ArticleDOI

BIGSdb: Scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level

TL;DR: The Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database (BIGSDB) represents a freely available resource that will assist the broader community in the elucidation of the structure and function of bacteria by means of a population genomics approach.
Journal ArticleDOI

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Total-Genome-Sequenced Bacteria

TL;DR: A Web-based method for MLST of 66 bacterial species based on whole-genome sequencing data that enables investigators to determine the sequence types of their isolates on the basis of WGS data.
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