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Incidence of influenza virus infections confirmed by serology in children and adult in a suburb community, northern China, 2018‐2019 influenza season

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TLDR
In mainland China, seasonal influenza disease burden at community level is unknown and the incidence rate of influenza virus infections in the community is difficult to determine due to the lack of well‐defined catchment populations of influenza‐like illness surveillance sentinel hospitals.
Abstract
Background In mainland China, seasonal influenza disease burden at community level is unknown. The incidence rate of influenza virus infections in the community is difficult to determine due to the lack of well-defined catchment populations of influenza-like illness surveillance sentinel hospitals. Objectives We established a community-based cohort to estimate incidence of seasonal influenza infections indicated by serology and protection conferred by antibody titers against influenza infections during 2018-2019 influenza season in northern China. Methods We recruited participants in November 2018 and conducted follow-up in May 2019 with collection of sera every survey. Seasonal influenza infections were indicated by a 4-fold or greater increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody between paired sera. Results Two hundred and three children 5-17 years of age and 413 adults 18-59 years of age were followed up and provided paired sera. The overall incidence of seasonal influenza infection and incidence of A(H3N2) infection in children (31% and 17%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in adults (21% and 10%, respectively). The incidences of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in children and adults were both about 10%, while the incidences of B/Victoria and/Yamagata infection in children and adults were from 2% to 4%. HI titers of 1:40 against A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were associated with 63% and 75% protection against infections with the two subtypes, respectively. Conclusions In the community, we identified considerable incidence of seasonal influenza infections. A HI titer of 1:40 could be sufficient to provide 50% protection against influenza A virus infections indicated by serology.

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The Antibody Response Against Neuraminidase in Human Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Infections During 2018/2019 Flu Season: Focusing on the Epitopes of 329-N-Glycosylation and E344 in N2

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Incidence of medically attended influenza and influenza virus infections confirmed by serology in Ningbo City from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study

A. Danielle Iuliano, +138 more
- 13 Dec 2017 - 
TL;DR: These global influenza-associated respiratory mortality estimates are higher than previously reported, suggesting that previous estimates might have underestimated disease burden.
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The role of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza A2 and B viruses.

TL;DR: The intranasal inoculation of volunteers with living partially attenuated strains of influenza A and B viruses offers a new opportunity to determine the protective effect of serum haemagglutin-inhibiting antibody against a strictly homologous virus.
Journal ArticleDOI

Incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in England: a cross-sectional serological study

TL;DR: Around one child in every three was infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1 in the first wave of infection in regions with a high incidence, ten times more than estimated from clinical surveillance.
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