Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease
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TLDR
The underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health are beginning to be understood.Abstract:
Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans
Kirsty L. Spalding,Erik Arner,Pål O. Westermark,Samuel Bernard,Bruce A. Buchholz,Olaf Bergmann,Lennart Blomqvist,Johan Hoffstedt,Erik Näslund,Tom Britton,Hernan Concha,Moustapha Hassan,Mikael Rydén,Jonas Frisén,Peter Arner +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that adipocyte number is a major determinant for the fat mass in adults, however, the number of fat cells stays constant in adulthood in lean and obese individuals, even after marked weight loss, indicating that thenumber of adipocytes is set during childhood and adolescence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update
TL;DR: In clinical practice, measuring waist circumference in addition to the body mass index could be helpful for the identification and management of a subgroup of overweight or obese patients at high cardiometabolic risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents
Emanuele Di Angelantonio,Shilpa N Bhupathiraju,David Wormser,Pei Gao,Pei Gao,Stephen Kaptoge,Amy Berrington de Gonzalez,Benjamin J Cairns,Rachel R. Huxley,Chandra L. Jackson,Grace Joshy,Sarah Lewington,JoAnn E. Manson,Neil Murphy,Alpa V. Patel,Jonathan M. Samet,Mark Woodward,Mark Woodward,Mark Woodward,Wei Zheng,Maigen Zhou,Narinder Bansal,Aurelio Barricarte,Brian D. Carter,James R. Cerhan,Rory Collins,George Davey Smith,Xianghua Fang,Oscar H. Franco,Jane Green,Jim Halsey,Janet S. Hildebrand,Keum Ji Jung,Rosemary J. Korda,Dale McLerran,Steven C. Moore,Linda M. O’Keeffe,Ellie Paige,Anna Ramond,Gillian K Reeves,Betsy Rolland,Carlotta Sacerdote,Naveed Sattar,Eleni Sofianopoulou,June Stevens,Michael J. Thun,Hirotsugu Ueshima,Ling Yang,Young Duk Yun,Peter Willeit,Peter Willeit,Emily Banks,Valerie Beral,Zhengming Chen,Susan M. Gapstur,Marc J. Gunter,Patricia Hartge,Sun Ha Jee,Tai Hing Lam,Richard Peto,John D. Potter,Walter C. Willett,Simon G. Thompson,John Danesh,Frank B. Hu +64 more
TL;DR: The associations of both overweight and obesity with higher all-cause mortality were broadly consistent in four continents and supports strategies to combat the entire spectrum of excess adiposity in many populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015
Mohammad H. Forouzanfar,Patrick Liu,Gregory A. Roth,Marie Ng,Stan Biryukov,Laurie B. Marczak,Lily Alexander,Kara Estep,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Tomi Akinyemiju,Raghib Ali,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Peter Azzopardi,Amitava Banerjee,Till Bärnighausen,Till Bärnighausen,Arindam Basu,Tolesa Bekele,Derrick A Bennett,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Ferrán Catalá-López,Ferrán Catalá-López,Valery L. Feigin,João C. Fernandes,Florian Fischer,Alemseged Aregay Gebru,Philimon Gona,Rajeev Gupta,Graeme J. Hankey,Graeme J. Hankey,Jost B. Jonas,Suzanne E. Judd,Young-Ho Khang,Ardeshir Khosravi,Yun Jin Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Dhaval Kolte,Alan D. Lopez,Paulo A. Lotufo,Reza Malekzadeh,Yohannes Adama Melaku,Yohannes Adama Melaku,George A. Mensah,Awoke Misganaw,Ali H. Mokdad,Andrew E. Moran,Haseeb Nawaz,Bruce Neal,Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni,Takayoshi Ohkubo,Farshad Pourmalek,Anwar Rafay,Rajesh Kumar Rai,David Rojas-Rueda,Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson,Itamar S. Santos,Monika Sawhney,Aletta E. Schutte,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Girma Temam Shifa,Girma Temam Shifa,Ivy Shiue,Ivy Shiue,Bemnet Amare Tedla,Amanda G. Thrift,Marcello Tonelli,Thomas Truelsen,Nikolaos Tsilimparis,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Olalekan A. Uthman,Tommi Vasankari,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Theo Vos,Ronny Westerman,Lijing L. Yan,Yuichiro Yano,Naohiro Yonemoto,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Christopher J L Murray +80 more
TL;DR: In international surveys, although there is uncertainty in some estimates, the rate of elevatedSBP (≥110-115 and ≥140 mm Hg) increased substantially between 1990 and 2015, and DALYs and deaths associated with elevated SBP also increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and the risk of heart failure
TL;DR: In this large, community-based sample, increased body-mass index was associated with an increased risk of heart failure and strategies to promote optimal body weight may reduce the population burden ofheart failure.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study
Salim Yusuf,Steven Hawken,Stephanie Ôunpuu,Tony Dans,Alvaro Avezum,Fernando Lanas,Matthew J. McQueen,Andrzej Budaj,Prem Pais,John Varigos,Liu Lisheng +10 more
TL;DR: Abnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and alcohol, and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of myocardial infarction worldwide in both sexes and at all ages in all regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Stuart P. Weisberg,Daniel McCann,Manisha Desai,Michael Rosenbaum,Rudolph L. Leibel,Anthony W. Ferrante +5 more
TL;DR: Transcript expression in perigonadal adipose tissue from groups of mice in which adiposity varied due to sex, diet, and the obesity-related mutations agouti (Ay) and obese (Lepob) found that the expression of 1,304 transcripts correlated significantly with body mass.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
TL;DR: New insights into inflammation in atherosclerosis not only increase the understanding of this disease, but also have practical clinical applications in risk stratification and targeting of therapy for this scourge of growing worldwide importance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study
Gerald S. Berenson,Sathanur R. Srinivasan,Weihang Bao,William P. Newman,Richard E. Tracy,Wendy A. Wattigney +5 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that as the number of cardiovascular risk factors increases, so does the severity of asymptomatic coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in young people.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss
Paul Poirier,Thomas D. Giles,George A. Bray,Yuling Hong,Judith S. Stern,F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer,Robert H. Eckel +6 more
TL;DR: The available evidence of the impact of obesity on CVD is reviewed with emphasis on the evaluation of cardiac structure and function in obese patients and the effect of weight loss on the cardiovascular system.