Journal ArticleDOI
Neurobiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diane Purper-Ouakil,Nicolas Ramoz,Aude-Marie Lepagnol-Bestel,Philip Gorwood,Michel Simonneau +4 more
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TLDR
An overview of recent findings in the rapidly evolving field of ADHD neurobiology with a focus on novel strategies regarding pathophysiological analyses is provided.Abstract:
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, has been associated with various structural and functional CNS abnormalities but findings about neurobiological mechanisms linking genes to brain phenotypes are just beginning to emerge. Despite the high heritability of the disorder and its main symptom dimensions, common individual genetic variants are likely to account for a small proportion of the phenotype's variance. Recent findings have drawn attention to the involvement of rare genetic variants in the pathophysiology of ADHD, some being shared with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Traditionally, neurobiological research on ADHD has focused on catecholaminergic pathways, the main target of pharmacological treatments. However, more distal and basic neuronal processes in relation with cell architecture and function might also play a role, possibly accounting for the coexistence of both diffuse and specific alterations of brain structure and activation patterns. This article aims to provide an overview of recent findings in the rapidly evolving field of ADHD neurobiology with a focus on novel strategies regarding pathophysiological analyses.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities.
TL;DR: This review aims to educate physicians regarding differences in pharmacology and mechanisms of action between amphetamine and methylphenidate, thus enhancing physician understanding of psychostimulants and their use in managing individuals with ADHD who may have comorbid psychiatric conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neurobiology and genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): what every clinician should know
Samuele Cortese,Samuele Cortese +1 more
TL;DR: Findings from structural and functional neuroimaging suggest the involvement of developmentally abnormal brain networks related to cognition, attention, emotion and sensorimotor functions in ADHD, which is confirmed by neurophysiological findings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Missense dopamine transporter mutations associate with adult parkinsonism and ADHD
Freja Herborg Hansen,Tina Skjørringe,Saiqa Yasmeen,Natascha V. Arends,Michelle A. Sahai,Kevin Erreger,Thorvald F. Andreassen,Marion Holy,Peter J. Hamilton,Viruna Neergheen,Merete Karlsborg,Amy Hauck Newman,Simon Pope,Simon Heales,Lars Friberg,Ian Law,Lars H. Pinborg,Harald H. Sitte,Claus J. Loland,Lei Shi,Harel Weinstein,Aurelio Galli,Lena E. Hjermind,Lisbeth Birk Møller,Ulrik Gether +24 more
TL;DR: The neuropsychiatric comorbidity provides additional support for the idea that DAT missense mutations are an ADHD risk factor and suggests that complex DAT genotype and phenotype correlations contribute to different dopaminergic pathologies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms.
TL;DR: Fundamental biological (genetic and endocrine) mechanisms that have been shown to, or could theoretically, contribute towards these sexually dimorphic phenomena are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes
TL;DR: Despite conflicting evidence for the existence, or not, of genetic associations between disorder diagnosis and genes regulating the structure and function of neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), associations between symptoms-profiles endophenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms appear reassuring.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Stephen V. Faraone,Roy H. Perlis,Alysa E. Doyle,Jordan W. Smoller,Jennifer J. Goralnick,Meredith A. Holmgren,Pamela Sklar +6 more
TL;DR: Family, twin, and adoption studies provide compelling evidence that genes play a strong role in mediating susceptibility to ADHD, and seven genes for which the same variant has been studied in three or more case-control or family-based studies show statistically significant evidence of association with ADHD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia
Hreinn Stefansson,Dan Rujescu,Sven Cichon,Olli Pietiläinen,Andres Ingason,Stacy Steinberg,Ragnheidur Fossdal,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Thordur Sigmundsson,Jacobine E. Buizer-Voskamp,Thomas Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Klaus D. Jakobsen,Klaus D. Jakobsen,Pierandrea Muglia,Clyde Francks,Paul M. Matthews,Arnaldur Gylfason,Bjarni V. Halldorsson,Daniel F. Gudbjartsson,Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson,Asgeir Sigurdsson,Adalbjorg Jonasdottir,Aslaug Jonasdottir,Asgeir Björnsson,Sigurborg Mattiasdottir,Thorarinn Blondal,Magnús Haraldsson,Brynja B. Magnusdottir,Ina Giegling,Hans-Jürgen Möller,Annette M. Hartmann,Kevin V. Shianna,Dongliang Ge,Anna C. Need,Caroline Crombie,Gillian Fraser,Nicholas Walker,Jouko Lönnqvist,Jaana Suvisaari,Annamarie Tuulio-Henriksson,Tiina Paunio,T. Toulopoulou,Elvira Bramon,Marta Di Forti,Robin M. Murray,Mirella Ruggeri,Evangelos Vassos,Sarah Tosato,Muriel Walshe,Tao Li,Tao Li,Catalina Vasilescu,Thomas W. Mühleisen,August G. Wang,Henrik Ullum,Srdjan Djurovic,Ingrid Melle,Jes Olesen,Lambertus A. Kiemeney,Barbara Franke,Chiara Sabatti,Nelson B. Freimer,Jeffrey R. Gulcher,Unnur Thorsteinsdottir,Augustine Kong,Ole A. Andreassen,Roel A. Ophoff,Roel A. Ophoff,Alexander Georgi,Marcella Rietschel,Thomas Werge,Hannes Petursson,David Goldstein,Markus M. Nöthen,Leena Peltonen,Leena Peltonen,David A. Collier,David A. Collier,David St Clair,Kari Stefansson,Kari Stefansson +81 more
TL;DR: In a genome-wide search for CNVs associating with schizophrenia, a population-based sample was used to identify de novo CNVs by analysing 9,878 transmissions from parents to offspring and three deletions significantly associate with schizophrenia and related psychoses in the combined sample.
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