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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Nitric oxide controls the immunopathology of tuberculosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent processing of IL-1β.

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TLDR
By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, the requirement for antimicrobial immunity is obviated and it is discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ).
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of innate immunity but can also promote inflammatory tissue damage. During chronic infections such as tuberculosis, the beneficial antimicrobial role of IL-1 must be balanced with the need to prevent immunopathology. By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, we obviated the requirement for antimicrobial immunity and discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect was mediated by nitric oxide (NO), which we found specifically inhibited assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome via thiol nitrosylation. Our data indicate that the NO produced as a result of adaptive immunity is indispensable in modulating the destructive innate inflammatory responses elicited during persistent infections.

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Impaired Pulmonary Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Association With Disease Severity and Delayed Mycobacterial Clearance With Treatment

TL;DR: Investigating relationships between fractional exhale NO (FENO) and initial pulmonary tuberculosis severity, change during treatment, and relationship with conversion of sputum culture to negative at 2 months found impaired pulmonary NO bioavailability is associated with more-severe disease and delayed mycobacterial clearance.
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Sex differences in the C57BL/6 model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

TL;DR: It is revealed that disease progression upon aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was accelerated in males resulting in increased morbidity and mortality compared to females, and the urgent need to include and separately analyze both sexes in future animal studies of Tb is emphasized.
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Macrophage-Microglia Networks Drive M1 Microglia Polarization After Mycobacterium Infection

TL;DR: It is found that BV2 treated with conditioned media from cultures of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium marinum induced the expression of M1 phenotypic genes but reduced that of M2 phenotypesic genes such as Arginase 1, Ym1, and CD163, which suggest that polarization of microglia is partly mediated through macrophage-microglia interactions as a priming signal.
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Caspases as the key effectors of inflammatory responses against bacterial infection.

TL;DR: The functional roles and activation mechanisms of caspase-1/-11 in innate immune responses against bacterial infection and Fas-mediated casp enzyme-8 activation and inflammatory cytokine production have been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of bacterial infections.
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A Genetic Screen Reveals that Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-Naphthoate (DHNA), but Not Full-Length Menaquinone, Is Required for Listeria monocytogenes Cytosolic Survival

TL;DR: A novel genetic screen identified determinants of L. monocytogenes cytosolic survival and virulence and identified a role for the synthesis of the menaquinone precursor 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (DHNA) in cytosol survival.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Immunological and Inflammatory Functions of the Interleukin-1 Family

TL;DR: The IL-1 family includes members that suppress inflammation, both specifically within the IL-2 family but also nonspecifically for TLR ligands and the innate immune response.
Journal ArticleDOI

AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1 activating inflammasome with ASC

TL;DR: Using mouse and human cells, the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is identified as a receptor for cytosolic DNA, which regulates caspase-1.
Journal ArticleDOI

Erratum: NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals (Nature (2010) 464 (1357-1361))

TL;DR: This corrects the article to show that the method used to derive the H2O2 “spatially aggregating force” is a two-step process, not a single step, like in the previous version of this paper.
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Nitrosylation. the prototypic redox-based signaling mechanism.

TL;DR: Whereas phosphorylation clearly Spain lies at the heart of many signal transduction pathways, has been expanded re-translational modification of proteins, are conserved cently by the discovery of an enzymatic function for throughout evolution and influence most aspects of cel-hemoglobin.
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