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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Nitric oxide controls the immunopathology of tuberculosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent processing of IL-1β.

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TLDR
By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, the requirement for antimicrobial immunity is obviated and it is discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ).
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of innate immunity but can also promote inflammatory tissue damage. During chronic infections such as tuberculosis, the beneficial antimicrobial role of IL-1 must be balanced with the need to prevent immunopathology. By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, we obviated the requirement for antimicrobial immunity and discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect was mediated by nitric oxide (NO), which we found specifically inhibited assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome via thiol nitrosylation. Our data indicate that the NO produced as a result of adaptive immunity is indispensable in modulating the destructive innate inflammatory responses elicited during persistent infections.

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Inflammation and tuberculosis: host‐directed therapies

TL;DR: Current concepts of inflammation in TB disease are reviewed, candidate pathways for host‐directed therapies to achieve better clinical outcomes are discussed and biological agents or already approved drugs can be ‘re‐purposed’ to interfere with biologically relevant cellular checkpoints are discussed.
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Inflammasomes: Threat-Assessment Organelles of the Innate Immune System.

TL;DR: It is posited that upstream regulatory proteins, classically known as pattern-recognition receptors, operate to assess infectious and non-infectious threats to the host.
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Natural Compounds as Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Production

TL;DR: This review aimed to provide an overview of studies that demonstrated the effect of plant-derived natural compounds on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production and suggested that these compounds may be considered as complementary supplements in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, consumed as preventive agents, and may also be consider as molecular tools to study NL RP3 function.
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Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia-aggravated inflammation and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice

TL;DR: It is found that Hcy activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and promoted subsequent production of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages, which were blocked byNLRP3 gene silencing or Z-WEHD-FMK.
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Unsolved Mysteries in NLR Biology.

TL;DR: The various mechanisms of sensing and activation proposed for NLRP3 and other inflammasome activators are reviewed and the role of NLRC3,NLRP6, NLRP12, and NLRX1 as inhibitors are discussed and how they are activated and function in their roles to limit inflammation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Immunological and Inflammatory Functions of the Interleukin-1 Family

TL;DR: The IL-1 family includes members that suppress inflammation, both specifically within the IL-2 family but also nonspecifically for TLR ligands and the innate immune response.
Journal ArticleDOI

AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1 activating inflammasome with ASC

TL;DR: Using mouse and human cells, the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is identified as a receptor for cytosolic DNA, which regulates caspase-1.
Journal ArticleDOI

Erratum: NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals (Nature (2010) 464 (1357-1361))

TL;DR: This corrects the article to show that the method used to derive the H2O2 “spatially aggregating force” is a two-step process, not a single step, like in the previous version of this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nitrosylation. the prototypic redox-based signaling mechanism.

TL;DR: Whereas phosphorylation clearly Spain lies at the heart of many signal transduction pathways, has been expanded re-translational modification of proteins, are conserved cently by the discovery of an enzymatic function for throughout evolution and influence most aspects of cel-hemoglobin.
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