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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Nitric oxide controls the immunopathology of tuberculosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent processing of IL-1β.

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TLDR
By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, the requirement for antimicrobial immunity is obviated and it is discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ).
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of innate immunity but can also promote inflammatory tissue damage. During chronic infections such as tuberculosis, the beneficial antimicrobial role of IL-1 must be balanced with the need to prevent immunopathology. By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, we obviated the requirement for antimicrobial immunity and discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect was mediated by nitric oxide (NO), which we found specifically inhibited assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome via thiol nitrosylation. Our data indicate that the NO produced as a result of adaptive immunity is indispensable in modulating the destructive innate inflammatory responses elicited during persistent infections.

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Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

TL;DR: Chandra et al. as mentioned in this paper discuss immune evasion and provocation by M. tuberculosis during its infection cycle and describe how a more detailed molecular understanding is crucial to enable the development of novel host-directed therapies, disease biomarkers and effective vaccines.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with severe tuberculosis evades cytosolic surveillance systems and modulates IL-1β production.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that M. tuberculosis strains manipulate host-pathogen interactions to drive variable TB severities by stratifying patients by severity of tuberculosis and finding correlations with the level of IL-1β production by macrophages exposed to these isolates.
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Pyroptosis is a critical immune-inflammatory response involved in atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the pathogenesis, influence, and therapy of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis and provide novel ideas for suppressing pyroplosis and the progression of atheros sclerosis.
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Redox-signals and macrophage biology.

TL;DR: Macrophage responses in terms of nitric oxide and superoxide formation with the modulating impact of hypoxia are discussed, and the role of redox-signaling affecting epigenetics is summarized and the central role of mitochondrial-derived oxygen species in inflammation is reflected.
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Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma

TL;DR: An overview of the pathophysiology of SA is provided, molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant inflammatory responses in the airways are presented, and the potential of targeting NLRP3 as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of asthma is contemplated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Immunological and Inflammatory Functions of the Interleukin-1 Family

TL;DR: The IL-1 family includes members that suppress inflammation, both specifically within the IL-2 family but also nonspecifically for TLR ligands and the innate immune response.
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AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1 activating inflammasome with ASC

TL;DR: Using mouse and human cells, the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is identified as a receptor for cytosolic DNA, which regulates caspase-1.
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Erratum: NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals (Nature (2010) 464 (1357-1361))

TL;DR: This corrects the article to show that the method used to derive the H2O2 “spatially aggregating force” is a two-step process, not a single step, like in the previous version of this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nitrosylation. the prototypic redox-based signaling mechanism.

TL;DR: Whereas phosphorylation clearly Spain lies at the heart of many signal transduction pathways, has been expanded re-translational modification of proteins, are conserved cently by the discovery of an enzymatic function for throughout evolution and influence most aspects of cel-hemoglobin.
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