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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Nitric oxide controls the immunopathology of tuberculosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent processing of IL-1β.

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TLDR
By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, the requirement for antimicrobial immunity is obviated and it is discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ).
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of innate immunity but can also promote inflammatory tissue damage. During chronic infections such as tuberculosis, the beneficial antimicrobial role of IL-1 must be balanced with the need to prevent immunopathology. By exogenously controlling the replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo, we obviated the requirement for antimicrobial immunity and discovered that both IL-1 production and infection-induced immunopathology were suppressed by lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect was mediated by nitric oxide (NO), which we found specifically inhibited assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome via thiol nitrosylation. Our data indicate that the NO produced as a result of adaptive immunity is indispensable in modulating the destructive innate inflammatory responses elicited during persistent infections.

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Clash of the Cytokine Titans: counter-regulation of interleukin-1 and type I interferon-mediated inflammatory responses.

TL;DR: How the type I interferon and interleukin-1 cytokine pathways represent distinct and specialized categories of inflammatory responses and how these key mediators of inflammation counter-regulate each other are discussed.
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HIF-1α Is an Essential Mediator of IFN-γ–Dependent Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

TL;DR: HIF-1α is identified as a novel regulator of IFN-γ–dependent immunity that coordinates an immunometabolic program essential for control of M. tuberculosis infection both in vitro and in vivo.
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NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: The basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation are introduced, and the current findings and therapeutic strategies that target NLR family Pyrin domain containing 3 inflammaome activation during the development and progression of atherosclerosis are discussed.
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Interferon Gamma Induces Reversible Metabolic Reprogramming of M1 Macrophages to Sustain Cell Viability and Pro-Inflammatory Activity

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that IFNγ induces a rapid activation of aerobic glycolysis followed by a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation in M1 macrophages, which sustains cell viability and inflammatory activity, while limiting reliance on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
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Post-translational regulation of inflammasomes

TL;DR: This review focuses on the emerging roles of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate activation of the NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4, AIM2 and IFI16 inflammasomes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Immunological and Inflammatory Functions of the Interleukin-1 Family

TL;DR: The IL-1 family includes members that suppress inflammation, both specifically within the IL-2 family but also nonspecifically for TLR ligands and the innate immune response.
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AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1 activating inflammasome with ASC

TL;DR: Using mouse and human cells, the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is identified as a receptor for cytosolic DNA, which regulates caspase-1.
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Erratum: NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals (Nature (2010) 464 (1357-1361))

TL;DR: This corrects the article to show that the method used to derive the H2O2 “spatially aggregating force” is a two-step process, not a single step, like in the previous version of this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nitrosylation. the prototypic redox-based signaling mechanism.

TL;DR: Whereas phosphorylation clearly Spain lies at the heart of many signal transduction pathways, has been expanded re-translational modification of proteins, are conserved cently by the discovery of an enzymatic function for throughout evolution and influence most aspects of cel-hemoglobin.
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