Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century
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TLDR
In this paper, the ozone depletion potential-weighted anthropogenic emissions of N2O with those of other ozone-depleting substances were compared, and it was shown that N 2O emission currently is the single most important ozone-destroying emission and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century.Abstract:
By comparing the ozone depletion potential-weighted anthropogenic emissions of N2O with those of other ozone-depleting substances, we show that N2O emission currently is the single most important ozone-depleting emission and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century. N2O is unregulated by the Montreal Protocol. Limiting future N2O emissions would enhance the recovery of the ozone layer from its depleted state and would also reduce the anthropogenic forcing of the climate system, representing a win-win for both ozone and climate.read more
Citations
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Stratospheric ozone, global warming, and the principle of unintended consequences—An ongoing science and policy success story
TL;DR: How early warnings given by vigilant scientists highlighted the dangers of ODS and calls for action and boycotts by concerned citizens 35 years ago and regulatory actions taken by governments worldwide 25 years ago successfully phased out ODSs and avoided global catastrophe are explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO 2 , N 2 O : CO 2 , CH 4 : CO 2 , O 2 : CO 2 ratios, and the stable isotopes 13 C and 18 O in CO 2 and CO
M. E. Popa,Martin K. Vollmer,Armin Jordan,Willi A. Brand,S. L. Pathirana,Michael Rothe,Thomas Röckmann +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of CO2, CO, N2O and CH4 mole fractions, O2 / N2 ratios and the stable isotopes 13C and 18O in CO2 and CO have been performed in air samples from the Islisberg highway tunnel (Switzerland).
Journal ArticleDOI
Technical opportunities to reduce global anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide
Wilfried Winiwarter,Wilfried Winiwarter,Lena Höglund-Isaksson,Zbigniew Klimont,Wolfgang Schöpp,Markus Amann +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a consistent framework was developed to quantify current and future anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide and the available technical abatement options by source sector for 172 regions globally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochar Diminishes Nitrous Oxide and Nitrate Leaching from Diverse Nutrient Sources
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that biochar could potentially aid in the mitigation of NO emissions from certain soils and in N loss in leachate from soil amended with slurry, manure, or fertilizer used in livestock systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Capturing an initial intermediate during the P450nor enzymatic reaction using time-resolved XFEL crystallography and caged-substrate.
Takehiko Tosha,Takashi Nomura,Takuma Nishida,Naoya Saeki,Kouta Okubayashi,Raika Yamagiwa,Michihiro Sugahara,Takanori Nakane,Keitaro Yamashita,Kunio Hirata,Go Ueno,Tetsunari Kimura,Tamao Hisano,Kazumasa Muramoto,Hitomi Sawai,H. Takeda,Eiichi Mizohata,Ayumi Yamashita,Yusuke Kanematsu,Yu Takano,Eriko Nango,Rie Tanaka,Osamu Nureki,Osami Shoji,Yuka Ikemoto,Hironori Murakami,Shigeki Owada,Kensuke Tono,Makina Yabashi,Masaki Yamamoto,Hideo Ago,So Iwata,Hiroshi Sugimoto,Yoshitsugu Shiro,Minoru Kubo +34 more
TL;DR: The authors demonstrate the feasibility of using XFEL with a caged NO-compound for femtosecond crystallography at X-ray free electron lasers and present the initial NO-bound intermediate structure of cytochrome P450 nitric oxide reductase.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Special report on emissions scenarios : a special report of Working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Joseph Alcamo,Ged Davis,B. de Vries,Jørgen Villy Fenhann,S. Gaffin,K. Gregory,Arnulf Grubler,Tae Yong Jung,T. Kram,E. L. La Rovere,Laurie Michaelis,S. Mori,Tsuneyuki Morita,William Pepper,Hugh Pitcher,Lynn Price,Keywan Riahi,A. Roehrl,Hans-Holger Rogner,Alexei Sankovski,Michael E. Schlesinger,P.R. Shukla,Steven J. Smith,Robert Swart,S. van Rooijen,Nadejda M. Victor,Z. Dadi +27 more
TL;DR: IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios as mentioned in this paper provides an overview of the scenario literature and the scenario driving forces, as well as a summary of the discussions and recommendations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content
TL;DR: In this paper, the probable importance of NO and NO2 in controlling the ozone concentrations and production rates in the stratosphere is pointed out and some processes which may lead to production of nitric acid are discussed.
Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a collection of essays by Terry Barker, Igor Bashmakov, Lenny Bernstein, Jean Bogner, Peter Bosch, Rutu Dave, Ogunlade Davidson, Brian Fisher, Michael Grubb, Sujata Gupta, Kirsten Halsnaes, BertJan Heij, Boubacarraoui, Shigeki Kobayashi, Mark Levine, Daniel Martino, Omar Masera Cerutti, Bert Metz, Leo Meyer, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Adil Najam