Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century
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TLDR
In this paper, the ozone depletion potential-weighted anthropogenic emissions of N2O with those of other ozone-depleting substances were compared, and it was shown that N 2O emission currently is the single most important ozone-destroying emission and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century.Abstract:
By comparing the ozone depletion potential-weighted anthropogenic emissions of N2O with those of other ozone-depleting substances, we show that N2O emission currently is the single most important ozone-depleting emission and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century. N2O is unregulated by the Montreal Protocol. Limiting future N2O emissions would enhance the recovery of the ozone layer from its depleted state and would also reduce the anthropogenic forcing of the climate system, representing a win-win for both ozone and climate.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Coupling of nitrous oxide and methane by global atmospheric chemistry.
Michael J. Prather,Juno Hsu +1 more
TL;DR: An atmospheric chemistry model was used to show how nitrous oxide emissions lower the concentration of tropospheric methane through a chain of chemical reactions that include stratospheric ozone depletion, changes in solar ultraviolet radiation fluxes, altered fluxes of ozone transport from the stratosphere to the troposphere, and increases in the amount of Tropospheric hydroxyl radicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic and functional potential links pH and N 2 O emissions in pasture soils
M. D. Sainur Samad,Ambarish Biswas,Lars R. Bakken,Timothy J. Clough,Cecile A. M. de Klein,Karl G. Richards,Gary Lanigan,Sergio E. Morales +7 more
TL;DR: The results confirm that pH imposes a general selective pressure on the entire community and that this results in changes in emission potential, and support the general model that with increased microbial diversity efficiency increases, demonstrated in this study with lowered N2O emission ratio.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrous oxide emissions from permafrost-affected soils
Carolina Voigt,Maija E. Marushchak,Benjamin W. Abbott,Christina Biasi,Bo Elberling,Steven D. Siciliano,Oliver Sonnentag,Katherine J. Stewart,Yuanhe Yang,Pertti J. Martikainen +9 more
Abstract: Soils are sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, but emissions from permafrost-affected soils have been considered negligible owing to nitrogen (N) limitation Recent measurements of N2O emissions have challenged this view, showing that vegetated soils in permafrost regions are often small but evident sources of N2O during the growing season (~30 μg N2O–N m−2 day−1) Moreover, barren or sparsely vegetated soils, common in harsh climates, can serve as substantial sources of N2O (~455 μg N2O–N m−2 day−1), demonstrating the importance of permafrost-affected soils in Earth’s N2O budget In this Review, we discuss N2O fluxes from subarctic, Arctic, Antarctic and alpine permafrost regions, including areas that likely serve as sources (such as peatlands) and as sinks (wetlands, dry upland soils), and estimate global permafrost-affected soil N2O emissions from previously published fluxes We outline the below-ground N cycle in permafrost regions and examine the environmental conditions influencing N2O dynamics Climate-change-related impacts on permafrost ecosystems and how these impacts could alter N2O fluxes are reviewed, and an outlook on the major questions and research needs to better constrain the global impact of permafrost N2O emissions is provided Permafrost-affected soils are an unappreciated but potentially substantial source of nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas This Review outlines the global importance of nitrous oxide dynamics in permafrost-affected soils, examines what drives nitrous oxide fluxes and discusses the impact of climate change on these greenhouse gas emissions
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of drip irrigation and drip fertigation on N2O and NO emissions, water saving and grain yields in a maize field in the North China Plain.
TL;DR: The molar ratios of NO/N2O within 2days after each fertilization event were evidently greater from the drip fertigation treatment than from the flood irrigation treatment, indicating that nitrification was more intensive in the drip fertilization treatment than in the treatment of flood irrigation.
Book ChapterDOI
Nitrate N loss by leaching and surface runoff in agricultural land: A global issue (a review)
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of application of CNF, problems caused by the excessive chemical N input, with attention mainly to the seriousness of nitrate N loss by leaching and runoff, factors affecting Nitrate N leaching, methods for controlling nitrate leaching in the future globally in details.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Special report on emissions scenarios : a special report of Working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Joseph Alcamo,Ged Davis,B. de Vries,Jørgen Villy Fenhann,S. Gaffin,K. Gregory,Arnulf Grubler,Tae Yong Jung,T. Kram,E. L. La Rovere,Laurie Michaelis,S. Mori,Tsuneyuki Morita,William Pepper,Hugh Pitcher,Lynn Price,Keywan Riahi,A. Roehrl,Hans-Holger Rogner,Alexei Sankovski,Michael E. Schlesinger,P.R. Shukla,Steven J. Smith,Robert Swart,S. van Rooijen,Nadejda M. Victor,Z. Dadi +27 more
TL;DR: IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios as mentioned in this paper provides an overview of the scenario literature and the scenario driving forces, as well as a summary of the discussions and recommendations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content
TL;DR: In this paper, the probable importance of NO and NO2 in controlling the ozone concentrations and production rates in the stratosphere is pointed out and some processes which may lead to production of nitric acid are discussed.
Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a collection of essays by Terry Barker, Igor Bashmakov, Lenny Bernstein, Jean Bogner, Peter Bosch, Rutu Dave, Ogunlade Davidson, Brian Fisher, Michael Grubb, Sujata Gupta, Kirsten Halsnaes, BertJan Heij, Boubacarraoui, Shigeki Kobayashi, Mark Levine, Daniel Martino, Omar Masera Cerutti, Bert Metz, Leo Meyer, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Adil Najam