Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now
Shona Dalal,Juan Jose Beunza,Jimmy Volmink,Clement Adebamowo,Francis Bajunirwe,Marina Njelekela,Dariush Mozaffarian,Wafaie W. Fawzi,Walter C. Willett,Hans-Olov Adami,Michelle D. Holmes +10 more
TLDR
With the lack of vital statistics systems, epidemiologic studies with a variety of designs capable of in-depth analyses of risk factors could provide a better understanding of NCDs in SSA, and inform health-care policy to mitigate the oncoming NCD epidemic.Abstract:
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a disproportionate burden of both infectious and chronic diseases compared with other world regions. Current disease estimates for SSA are based on sparse data, but projections indicate increases in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) caused by demographic and epidemiologic transitions. We review the literature on NCDs in SSA and summarize data from the World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer on the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2, cancer and their risk factors. METHODS We searched the PubMed database for studies on each condition, and included those that were community based, conducted in any SSA country and reported on disease or risk factor prevalence, incidence or mortality. RESULTS We found few community-based studies and some countries (such as South Africa) were over-represented. The prevalence of NCDs and risk factors varied considerably between countries, urban/rural location and other sub-populations. The prevalence of stroke ranged from 0.07 to 0.3%, diabetes mellitus from 0 to 16%, hypertension from 6 to 48%, obesity from 0.4 to 43% and current smoking from 0.4 to 71%. Hypertension prevalence was consistently similar among men and women, whereas women were more frequently obese and men were more frequently current smokers. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors is high in some SSA settings. With the lack of vital statistics systems, epidemiologic studies with a variety of designs (cross-sectional, longitudinal and interventional) capable of in-depth analyses of risk factors could provide a better understanding of NCDs in SSA, and inform health-care policy to mitigate the oncoming NCD epidemic.read more
Citations
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Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
Hebe N. Gouda,Hebe N. Gouda,Fiona J Charlson,Katherine Sorsdahl,Sanam Ahmadzada,Sanam Ahmadzada,Alize J. Ferrari,Alize J. Ferrari,Alize J. Ferrari,Holly E. Erskine,Holly E. Erskine,Holly E. Erskine,Janni Leung,Janni Leung,Janni Leung,Damian Santamauro,Damian Santamauro,Damian Santamauro,Crick Lund,Leopold Ndemnge Aminde,Bongani M. Mayosi,Andre Pascal Kengne,Meredith Harris,Meredith Harris,Tom Achoki,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Dan J. Stein,Harvey Whiteford,Harvey Whiteford,Harvey Whiteford +29 more
TL;DR: The burden of NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2017 was assessed in terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as all-age and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population-with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular Disease in the Developing World: Prevalences, Patterns, and the Potential of Early Disease Detection
David S. Celermajer,Clara K Chow,Clara K Chow,Clara K Chow,Eloi Marijon,Nicholas M. Anstey,Kam S. Woo +6 more
TL;DR: The authors review the prevalences and patterns of major cardiovascular diseases in the developing world, as well as potential opportunities provided by early disease detection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy
Rifat Atun,Justine Davies,Justine Davies,Edwin A M Gale,Till Bärnighausen,Till Bärnighausen,David Beran,Andre Pascal Kengne,Naomi S. Levitt,Florence W Mangugu,Moffat J. Nyirenda,Graham D. Ogle,Kaushik Ramaiya,Nelson K. Sewankambo,Eugene Sobngwi,Solomon Tesfaye,John S Yudkin,Sanjay Basu,Christian Bommer,Esther Heesemann,Jennifer Manne-Goehler,Jennifer Manne-Goehler,Iryna Postolovska,Vera Sagalova,Sebastian Vollmer,Sebastian Vollmer,Zulfiqarali G. Abbas,Benjamin Ammon,Mulugeta Terekegn Angamo,Akhila Annamreddi,Ananya Awasthi,Stéphane Besançon,Sudhamayi Bhadriraju,Agnes Binagwaho,Agnes Binagwaho,Philip I. Burgess,Matthew J. Burton,Jeanne Chai,Felix P Chilunga,Portia Chipendo,Anna Conn,Dipesalema Joel,Arielle Wilder Eagan,Crispin Gishoma,Julius Ho,Simcha Jong,Sujay Kakarmath,Yasmin Khan,Ramu Kharel,Ramu Kharel,Michael Anne Kyle,Seitetz C Lee,Amos Lichtman,Carl P Malm,Maimouna Ndour Mbaye,Marie Aimee Muhimpundu,Beatrice Mwagomba,Kibachio Joseph Muiruri Mwangi,Mohit Nair,Simon Pierre Niyonsenga,Benson Njuguna,Obiageli L O Okafor,Oluwakemi Okunade,Paul H. Park,Sonak D. Pastakia,Chelsea Pekny,Ahmed Reja,Charles N. Rotimi,Samuel Rwunganira,David Sando,Gabriela Sarriera,Anshuman Sharma,Assa Traoré Sidibé,Elias S. Siraj,Azhra S Syed,Kristien Van Acker,Mahmoud Werfalli +76 more
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Tuberculosis comorbidity with communicable and non-communicable diseases: integrating health services and control efforts
Ben J. Marais,Knut Lönnroth,Stephen D. Lawn,Stephen D. Lawn,Giovanni Battistai Migliori,Peter Mwaba,Peter Mwaba,Philippe Glaziou,Matthew Bates,Ruth Colagiuri,Lynn S. Zijenah,Soumya Swaminathan,Ziad A. Memish,Michel Pletschette,Michael Hoelscher,Ibrahim Abubakar,Ibrahim Abubakar,Rumina Hasan,Afia Zafar,Guiseppe Pantaleo,Gill Craig,Peter S. Kim,Markus Maeurer,Marco Schito,Alimuddin Zumla +24 more
TL;DR: Interactions, synergies, and challenges of integration of tuberculosis care with management strategies for non-communicable and communicable diseases without eroding the functionality of existing national programmes for tuberculosis are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparedness of Tanzanian health facilities for outpatient primary care of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional survey
Robert N. Peck,Janneth Mghamba,Fiona Vanobberghen,Bazil Kavishe,Vivian Rugarabamu,Liam Smeeth,Richard J. Hayes,Heiner Grosskurth,Saidi Kapiga +8 more
TL;DR: Key weaknesses (and strengths) in health systems that should be considered to improve primary care for NCDs in Africa are identified and ways that HIV programmes could serve as a model and structural platform for these improvements are identified.
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