Journal ArticleDOI
Novel and designed ecosystems
TLDR
In this paper, the authors distinguish between historical ecosystems and novel ecosystems, i.e., ecosystems that are transformed beyond which the practical efforts of conventional restoration are feasible, by human intervention.Abstract:
Growing attention to novel and designed ecosystems, and the confusion that follows from the overlap of these distinct ecosystem approaches, risks a loss of focus on ecological values at the core of restoration ecology. Novel ecosystems originate in ecosystems that are transformed beyond which the practical efforts of conventional restoration are feasible. They are also self-sustaining in the sense that they take time to form, and do not typically receive regular management. In this respect, they arise differently than designed ecosystems, which are assembled with specific goals in mind and are often heavily managed. Designed (or engineered) ecosystems comprise a variety of ecological approaches including reclamation (return a degraded ecosystem to productive capacity), green infrastructure, and agroecological systems. There are three elements that distinguish novel and designed ecosystems. Designed ecosystems typically require intensive intervention to create them, and ongoing management to sustain them; novel ecosystems do not. Second, the human intentions behind designed and novel ecosystems are usually different. Designed ecosystems exist in the service of human interests, including specific services (e.g. filtration, cooling, nature appreciation), aesthetics, and shifting value commitments toward green infrastructure; novel ecosystems arise typically through inadvertent human activity. Third, designed and novel ecosystems have different developmental pathways. Historical ecosystems are the starting point for restored, hybrid, and novel ecosystems; designed ecosystems are intentionally created. Designed ecosystems stand apart as providing a new origin for ecosystems of the future, including those that become novel ecosystems.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities
Peter A. Todd,Eliza C. Heery,Lynette H.L. Loke,Ruth H. Thurstan,D. Johan Kotze,Christopher M. Swan +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, Byrnes et al. presented an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human and biophysical legacies shape contemporary urban forests: A literature synthesis
Lara A. Roman,Hamil Pearsall,Theodore S. Eisenman,Tenley M. Conway,Robert T. Fahey,Shawn M. Landry,Jess Vogt,Natalie S. van Doorn,J. Morgan Grove,Dexter H. Locke,Adrina C. Bardekjian,John J. Battles,Mary L. Cadenasso,Cecil C. Konijnendijk van den Bosch,Meghan L. Avolio,Adam Berland,G. Darrel Jenerette,Sarah K. Mincey,Diane E. Pataki,Christina L. Staudhammer +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss some of the major historical human and biophysical drivers and associated legacy effects expressed in present urban forest patterns, highlighting examples in the United States and Canada.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lawns in cities: from a globalised urban green space phenomenon to sustainable nature-based solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the ecosystem services and also disservices provided by urban lawns based on the authors' experience of working within interdisciplinary research projects on lawns in different cities of Europe (Germany, Sweden and Russia), New Zealand (Christchurch), USA (Syracuse, NY) and Australia (Perth).
Journal ArticleDOI
The Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity of Novel Ecosystems: A literature review
Cody R. Evers,Chloe B. Wardropper,Ben Branoff,Elise F. Granek,Shana Lee Hirsch,Timothy E. Link,Sofía Olivero-Lora,Codie Wilson +7 more
TL;DR: This article conducted a systematic review of refereed articles to understand how novel ecosystems have changed ecosystem services and biodiversity, and found that the literature on novel ecosystems is focused on ecological rather than social aspects of novel systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards an Integrative, Eco-Evolutionary Understanding of Ecological Novelty: Studying and Communicating Interlinked Effects of Global Change.
Tina Heger,Maud Bernard-Verdier,Arthur Gessler,Alex D. Greenwood,Hans-Peter Grossart,Monika Hilker,Silvia Keinath,Ingo Kowarik,Christoph Kueffer,Elisabeth Marquard,Johannes Müller,Stephanie Niemeier,Gabriela Onandia,Jana S. Petermann,Matthias C. Rillig,Mark-Oliver Rödel,Wolf Christian Saul,Conrad Schittko,Klement Tockner,Jasmin Joshi,Jonathan M. Jeschke,Jonathan M. Jeschke +21 more
TL;DR: An umbrella concept of “ecological novelty” is proposed comprising a site-specific and an organism-centered, eco-evolutionary perspective, which allows researchers to address ecological novelty from different perspectives.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Managing the whole landscape: historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems
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Journal ArticleDOI
Committing to ecological restoration
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TL;DR: The New York Declaration on Forests underscored restoration of degraded ecosystems as an auspicious solution to climate change and parties committed to restore a staggering 350 million hectares by 2030.
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