Ozone–climate interactions and effects on solar ultraviolet radiation
Alkiviadis F. Bais,Germar Bernhard,Richard McKenzie,Pieter J. Aucamp,Paul Young,Mohammad Ilyas,Patrick Jöckel,Makoto Deushi +7 more
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TLDR
Evidence since the last assessment reconfirms that systematic and accurate long-term measurements of UV radiation and stratospheric ozone are essential for assessing the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and adjustments.Abstract:
This report assesses the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and anticipated ozone recovery on the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth's surface. Interactions between changes in ozone and changes in climate, as well as their effects on UV radiation, are also considered. These evaluations focus mainly on new knowledge gained from research conducted during the last four years. Furthermore, drivers of changes in UV radiation other than ozone are discussed and their relative importance is assessed. The most important of these factors, namely clouds, aerosols and surface reflectivity, are related to changes in climate, and some of their effects on short- and long-term variations of UV radiation have already been identified from measurements. Finally, projected future developments in stratospheric ozone, climate, and other factors affecting UV radiation have been used to estimate changes in solar UV radiation from the present to the end of the 21st century. New instruments and methods have been assessed with respect to their ability to provide useful and accurate information for monitoring solar UV radiation at the Earth's surface and for determining relevant exposures of humans. Evidence since the last assessment reconfirms that systematic and accurate long-term measurements of UV radiation and stratospheric ozone are essential for assessing the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and adjustments. Finally, we have assessed aspects of UV radiation related to biological effects and human health, as well as implications for UV radiation from possible solar radiation management (geoengineering) methods to mitigate climate change.read more
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Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017
Germar Bernhard,Rachel E. Neale,Paul Barnes,Patrick J. Neale,Richard G. Zepp,Stephen R. Wilson,Anthony L. Andrady,Alkiviadis F. Bais,Richard McKenzie,Pieter J. Aucamp,Paul Young,J. B. Liley,Robyn M. Lucas,Seyhan Yazar,Lesley E. Rhodes,Scott N. Byrne,L. M. Hollestein,Catherine M. Olsen,Antony R. Young,Thomas Matthew Robson,Janet F. Bornman,Marcel A. K. Jansen,Sharon A. Robinson,Carlos L. Ballaré,Craig E. Williamson,Kevin C. Rose,Anastazia T. Banaszak,Donat-P. Häder,Samuel Hylander,Sten-Åke Wängberg,Amy T. Austin,W. C Hou,Nigel D. Paul,Sasha Madronich,Barbara Sulzberger,Keith R. Solomon,H. Li,T. Schikowski,Janice Longstreth,Krishna K. Pandey,Anu Heikkilä,C. C. White +41 more
TL;DR: The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future
Paul Barnes,Craig E. Williamson,Robyn M. Lucas,Sharon A. Robinson,Sasha Madronich,Nigel D. Paul,Janet F. Bornman,Alkiviadis F. Bais,Barbara Sulzberger,Stephen R. Wilson,Anthony L. Andrady,Richard McKenzie,Patrick J. Neale,Amy T. Austin,Germar Bernhard,Keith R. Solomon,Rachel E. Neale,Paul Young,Mary Norval,Lesley E. Rhodes,Samuel Hylander,Kevin C. Rose,Janice Longstreth,Pieter J. Aucamp,Carlos L. Ballaré,Rose M. Cory,Stephan D. Flint,Frank R. de Gruijl,Donat-P. Häder,Anu Heikkilä,Marcel A. K. Jansen,Krishna K. Pandey,T. Matthew Robson,Craig Sinclair,Sten-Åke Wängberg,Robert C. Worrest,Seyhan Yazar,Antony R. Young,Richard G. Zepp +38 more
TL;DR: The Montreal Protocol has also played an important role in mitigating climate change as discussed by the authors, and the Montreal Protocol will continue to have far-reaching benefits for human well-being and environmental sustainability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human health in relation to exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation under changing stratospheric ozone and climate
Robyn M. Lucas,Robyn M. Lucas,Seyhan Yazar,Seyhan Yazar,Antony R. Young,Mary Norval,F.R. de Gruijl,Y Takizawa,Lesley E. Rhodes,Craig Sinclair,Rachel E. Neale,Rachel E. Neale +11 more
TL;DR: The Montreal Protocol has limited increases in the UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation reaching the Earth's surface as a result of depletion of stratospheric ozone, Nevertheless, the incidence of skin cancers continues to increase in most light-skinned populations, probably due mainly to risky sun exposure behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linkages between stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate change and their implications for terrestrial ecosystems
Janet F. Bornman,Paul Barnes,T. Matthew Robson,Sharon A. Robinson,Marcel A. K. Jansen,Carlos L. Ballaré,Stephan D. Flint +6 more
TL;DR: Advances in knowledge of stratospheric ozone dynamics and climate change are summarized, and uncertainties and knowledge gaps are identified that limit the ability to fully evaluate the ecological consequences of these environmental changes on terrestrial ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change on aquatic ecosystems
Craig E. Williamson,Patrick J. Neale,Samuel Hylander,Kevin C. Rose,Félix L. Figueroa,Sharon A. Robinson,Donat-P. Häder,Sten-Åke Wängberg,Robert C. Worrest +8 more
TL;DR: This assessment demonstrates that knowledge of the interactive effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change factors on aquatic ecosystems has advanced considerably over the past four years and confirms the importance of considering synergies between environmental factors.
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