Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
An excessive imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA ratio which, in certain physiopathological conditions, and in presence of an enhanced DNL, may further accelerate these deleterious effects.Abstract:
Palmitic acid (PA) has been for long time negatively depicted for its putative detrimental health effects, shadowing its multiple crucial physiological activities. PA is the most common saturated fatty acid accounting for 20-30% of total fatty acids in the human body and can be provided in the diet or synthesized endogenously via de novo lipogenesis (DNL). PA tissue content seems to be controlled around a well-defined concentration, and changes in its intake do not influence significantly its tissue concentration because the exogenous source is counterbalanced by PA endogenous biosynthesis. Particular physiopathological conditions and nutritional factors may strongly induce DNL, resulting in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. The tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration is likely related to its fundamental physiological role to guarantee membrane physical properties but also to consent protein palmitoylation, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) biosynthesis, and in the lung an efficient surfactant activity. In order to maintain membrane phospholipids (PL) balance may be crucial an optimal intake of PA in a certain ratio with unsaturated fatty acids, especially PUFAs of both n-6 and n-3 families. However, in presence of other factors such as positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates (in particular mono and disaccharides), and a sedentary lifestyle, the mechanisms to maintain a steady state of PA concentration may be disrupted leading to an over accumulation of tissue PA resulting in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. It is therefore likely that the controversial data on the association of dietary PA with detrimental health effects, may be related to an excessive imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA ratio which, in certain physiopathological conditions, and in presence of an enhanced DNL, may further accelerate these deleterious effects.read more
Citations
More filters
Interfacial properties of pulmonary surfactant layers
TL;DR: In this article, the composition of the pulmonary surfactant and the border conditions of normal human breathing are used to characterize the interfacial behavior of pulmonary layers and explain the behavior and interfacial structures of the main components during compression and expansion of the layers observed by epifluorescence and scanning force microscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Prevention and Therapy
TL;DR: In this paper, a review highlights the link between disturbed lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NAFLD and discusses potential therapies based on antioxidant effects and their likely molecular targets.
Journal ArticleDOI
HNF4 Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Is Required for Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells in Mice.
Lei Chen,Roshan P. Vasoya,Natalie H. Toke,Aditya Parthasarathy,Shirley Luo,Eric Chiles,Juan Flores,Nan Gao,Edward M. Bonder,Xiaoyang Su,Michael P. Verzi +10 more
TL;DR: In mice, the transcription factors H NF4A and HNF4G regulate expression of genes required for fatty acid oxidation and are required for renewal of intestinal stem cells, indicating that FAO was required for renew of ISCs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids in Pancreatic Beta Cell Metabolism, Implications in Homeostasis
TL;DR: A critical analysis of the complex role of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in β-cell metabolism is performed to allow an integral and broad understanding of different functions of fatty acids inside β-cells, being important metabolites for novel therapeutic targets in T2D treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-fat diet-induced upregulation of exosomal phosphatidylcholine contributes to insulin resistance
Anup Kumar,Kumaran Sundaram,Jingyao Mu,Gerald W. Dryden,Mukesh K. Sriwastva,Chao Lei,Lifeng Zhang,Xiaolan Qiu,Fangyi Xu,Jun Yan,Xiang Zhang,Juw Won Park,Michael L. Merchant,Henry Bohler,Baomei Wang,Shuangqin Zhang,Chao Qin,Ziying Xu,Xianlin Han,Craig J. McClain,Yun Teng,Huang-Ge Zhang,Huang-Ge Zhang +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated signalling pathway in the liver by faecal exosomes derived from intestinal cells was found to be involved in the development of insulin resistance.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation
TL;DR: It is proposed that the metabolism of cancer cells, and indeed all proliferating cells, is adapted to facilitate the uptake and incorporation of nutrients into the biomass needed to produce a new cell.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid rafts and signal transduction
Kai Simons,Derek Toomre +1 more
TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that lipid micro-environments on the cell surface — known as lipid rafts — also take part in this process of signalling transduction, where protein–protein interactions result in the activation of signalling cascades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave.
TL;DR: How do cells apply anabolic and catabolic enzymes, translocases and transporters, plus the intrinsic physical phase behaviour of lipids and their interactions with membrane proteins, to create the unique compositions and multiple functions of their individual membranes?