Phylogenomics Reveals the Evolutionary Timing and Pattern of Butterflies and Moths
Akito Y. Kawahara,David Plotkin,Marianne Espeland,Karen Meusemann,Karen Meusemann,Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint,Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint,Alexander Donath,Paul B. Frandsen,Paul B. Frandsen,Andreas Zwick,Mario dos Reis,Jesse R. Barber,Ralph S. Peters,Shanlin Liu,Xin Zhou,Christoph Mayer,Lars Podsiadlowski,Caroline Storer,Jayne E. Yack,Bernhard Misof,Jesse W. Breinholt +21 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the most recent common ancestor of Lepidoptera is considerably older than previously hypothesized, and it is shown that multiple lineages of moths independently evolved hearing organs well before the origin of bats, rejecting the hypothesis that lepidopteran hearing organs arose in response to these predators.Abstract:
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the major superradiations of insects, comprising nearly 160,000 described extant species. As herbivores, pollinators, and prey, Lepidoptera play a fundamental role in almost every terrestrial ecosystem. Lepidoptera are also indicators of environmental change and serve as models for research on mimicry and genetics. They have been central to the development of coevolutionary hypotheses, such as butterflies with flowering plants and moths' evolutionary arms race with echolocating bats. However, these hypotheses have not been rigorously tested, because a robust lepidopteran phylogeny and timing of evolutionary novelties are lacking. To address these issues, we inferred a comprehensive phylogeny of Lepidoptera, using the largest dataset assembled for the order (2,098 orthologous protein-coding genes from transcriptomes of 186 species, representing nearly all superfamilies), and dated it with carefully evaluated synapomorphy-based fossils. The oldest members of the Lepidoptera crown group appeared in the Late Carboniferous (∼300 Ma) and fed on nonvascular land plants. Lepidoptera evolved the tube-like proboscis in the Middle Triassic (∼241 Ma), which allowed them to acquire nectar from flowering plants. This morphological innovation, along with other traits, likely promoted the extraordinary diversification of superfamily-level lepidopteran crown groups. The ancestor of butterflies was likely nocturnal, and our results indicate that butterflies became day-flying in the Late Cretaceous (∼98 Ma). Moth hearing organs arose multiple times before the evolutionary arms race between moths and bats, perhaps initially detecting a wide range of sound frequencies before being co-opted to specifically detect bat sonar. Our study provides an essential framework for future comparative studies on butterfly and moth evolution.read more
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A window to the world of global insect declines: Moth biodiversity trends are complex and heterogeneous
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed assessment of global macrolepidopteran population trends including numerous cases of both region-wide and local losses and studies that report no declines is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenomic analysis sheds light on the evolutionary pathways towards acoustic communication in Orthoptera
Hojun Song,Olivier Béthoux,Seunggwan Shin,Seunggwan Shin,Alexander Donath,Harald Letsch,Shanlin Liu,Duane D. McKenna,Guanliang Meng,Bernhard Misof,Lars Podsiadlowski,Xin Zhou,Benjamin Wipfler,Sabrina Simon +13 more
TL;DR: A large-scale macroevolutionary study to understand how both hearing and sound production evolved and affected diversification in the insect order Orthoptera, which includes many familiar singing insects, such as crickets, katydids, and grasshoppers finds little evidence that the evolution of hearing andSound producing organs increased diversification rates in those lineages with known acoustic communication.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution and the origins of modern biodiversity
TL;DR: Angiosperms triggered a macroecological revolution on land and drove modern biodiversity in a secular, prolonged shift to new, high levels, a series of processes we name here the Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution as discussed by the authors.
Phylogenomics Resolves The Timing And Pattern Of Insect Evolution: Supplementary File Archives.
Bernhard Misof,Shanlin Liu,Karen Meusemann,Ralph S. Peters,Alexander Donath,Christoph Mayer,Paul B. Frandsen,Jessica L. Ware,Tomas Flouri,Rolf G. Beutel,Oliver Niehuis,Malte Petersen,Fernando Izquierdo-Carrasco,Torsten Wappler,Jes Rust,Andre J. Aberer,Ulrike Aspöck,Horst Aspöck,Daniela Bartel,Alexander Blanke,Simon Berger,Alexander Böhm,Thomas R. Buckley,Brett Calcott,Junqing Chen,Frank Friedrich,Makiko Fukui,Mari Fujita,Carola Greve,Peter Grobe,Shengchang Gu,Ying Huang,Lars S. Jermiin,Akito Y. Kawahara,Lars Krogmann,Martin Kubiak,Robert Lanfear,Harald Letsch,Yiyuan Li,Zhenyu Li,Jiguang Li,Haorong Lu,Ryuichiro Machida,Yuta Mashimo,Pashalia Kapli,Duane D. McKenna,Guanliang Meng,Yasutaka Nakagaki,José Luis Navarrete-Heredia,Michael Ott,Yanxiang Ou,Günther Pass,Lars Podsiadlowski,Hans Pohl,Björn M. von Reumont,Kai Schütte,Kaoru Sekiya,Shota Shimizu,Adam Slipinski,Alexandros Stamatakis,Wenhui Song,Xu Su,Nikolaus U. Szucsich,Meihua Tan,Xuemei Tan,Min Tang,Jingbo Tang,Gerald Timelthaler,Shigekazu Tomizuka,Michelle D. Trautwein,Xiaoli Tong,Toshiki Uchifune,Manfred Walzl,Brian M. Wiegmann,Jeanne Wilbrandt,Benjamin Wipfler,Thomas K. F. Wong,Qiong Wu,Gengxiong Wu,Yinlong Xie,Shenzhou Yang,Qing Yang,David K. Yeates,Kazunori Yoshizawa,Qing Zhang,Rui Zhang,Wenwei Zhang,Yunhui Zhang,Jing Zhao,Chengran Zhou,Lili Zhou,Tanja Ziesmann,Shijie Zou,Yingrui Li,Xun Xu,Yong Zhang,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Jun Wang,Karl M. Kjer,Xin Zhou +100 more
TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes from all major insect orders and close relatives was performed by Misof et al. as discussed by the authors, who used this resolved phylogenetic tree together with fossil analysis to date the origin of insects to ~479 million years ago and to resolve longcontroversial subjects in insect phylogeny.
Journal ArticleDOI
Odorant Receptors for Detecting Flowering Plant Cues Are Functionally Conserved across Moths and Butterflies.
Mengbo Guo,Lixiao Du,Qiuyan Chen,Yilu Feng,Jin Zhang,Xiaxuan Zhang,Ke Tian,Song Cao,Tianyu Huang,Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly,Guirong Wang,Yang Liu +11 more
TL;DR: Beyond providing a rich empirical resource for delineating the precise functions of H. armigera ORs, the results enable a comparative analysis of insect ORs that have apparently facilitated and currently sustain the intimate adaptations and ecological interactions among nectar feeding insects and flowering plants.
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