Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary
TLDR
The largest available molecular data set for placental mammals is investigated, which includes segments of 19 nuclear and three mitochondrial genes for representatives of all extant placental orders and permits simultaneous constraints from the fossil record and allows rates of molecular evolution to vary on different branches of a phylogenetic tree.Abstract:
Competing hypotheses for the timing of the placental mammal radiation focus on whether extant placental orders originated and diversified before or after the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary. Molecular studies that have addressed this issue suffer from single calibration points, unwarranted assumptions about the molecular clock, and/or taxon sampling that lacks representatives of all placental orders. We investigated this problem using the largest available molecular data set for placental mammals, which includes segments of 19 nuclear and three mitochondrial genes for representatives of all extant placental orders. We used the Thorne/Kishino method, which permits simultaneous constraints from the fossil record and allows rates of molecular evolution to vary on different branches of a phylogenetic tree. Analyses that used different sets of fossil constraints, different priors for the base of Placentalia, and different data partitions all support interordinal divergences in the Cretaceous followed by intraordinal diversification mostly after the K/T boundary. Four placental orders show intraordinal diversification that predates the K/T boundary, but only by an average of 10 million years. In contrast to some molecular studies that date the rat–mouse split as old as 46 million years, our results show improved agreement with the fossil record and place this split at 16–23 million years. To test the hypothesis that molecular estimates of Cretaceous divergence times are an artifact of increased body size subsequent to the K/T boundary, we also performed analyses with a “K/T body size” taxon set. In these analyses, interordinal splits remained in the Cretaceous.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The delayed rise of present-day mammals
Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds,Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds,Marcel Cardillo,Kate E. Jones,Ross D. E. MacPhee,Robin M. D. Beck,Richard Grenyer,Samantha A. Price,Rutger A. Vos,John L. Gittleman,Andy Purvis +10 more
TL;DR: The results show that the phylogenetic ‘fuses’ leading to the explosion of extant placental orders are not only very much longer than suspected previously, but also challenge the hypothesis that the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event had a major, direct influence on the diversification of today’s mammals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution
Richard A. Gibbs,George M. Weinstock,Michael L. Metzker,Donna M. Muzny,Erica Sodergren,Steven E. Scherer,Graham R. Scott,David Steffen,Kim C. Worley,Paula E. Burch,Geoffrey Okwuonu,Sandra Hines,Lora Lewis,Christine Deramo,Oliver Delgado,Shannon Dugan-Rocha,George Miner,Margaret Morgan,Alicia Hawes,Rachel Gill,Robert A. Holt,Robert A. Holt,Mark Raymond Adams,Mark Raymond Adams,Peter G. Amanatides,Peter G. Amanatides,Holly Baden-Tillson,Holly Baden-Tillson,Mary Barnstead,Soo H. Chin,Cheryl A. Evans,Steve Ferriera,Steve Ferriera,Carl Fosler,A. Glodek,Zhiping Gu,Don Jennings,Cheryl L. Kraft,Cheryl L. Kraft,Trixie Nguyen,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Cynthia Sitter,Granger G. Sutton,J. Craig Venter,J. Craig Venter,Trevor Woodage,Douglas Smith,Hong Mei Lee,Erik Gustafson,Patrick Cahill,Arnold Kana,Lynn Doucette-Stamm,Keith Weinstock,Kim Fechtel,Robert B. Weiss,Diane M. Dunn,Eric D. Green,Robert W. Blakesley,Gerard G. Bouffard,Pieter J. de Jong,Kazutoyo Osoegawa,Baoli Zhu,Marco A. Marra,Jacqueline E. Schein,Ian Bosdet,Chris Fjell,Steven J.M. Jones,Martin Krzywinski,Carrie Mathewson,Asim Sarosh Siddiqui,Natasja Wye,John Douglas Mcpherson,John Douglas Mcpherson,Shaying Zhao,Claire M. Fraser,Jyoti Shetty,Sofiya Shatsman,Keita Geer,Yixin Chen,Sofyia Abramzon,William C. Nierman,Paul Havlak,Rui Chen,K. James Durbin,Amy Egan,Yanru Ren,Xing Zhi Song,Bingshan Li,Yue Liu,Xiang Qin,Simon Cawley,Austin J. Cooney,Lisa M. D'Souza,Kirt Martin,Jia Qian Wu,Manuel L. Gonzalez-Garay,Andrew R. Jackson,Kenneth J. Kalafus,Michael P. McLeod,Aleksandar Milosavljevic,Davinder Virk,Andrei Volkov,David A. Wheeler,Zhengdong D. Zhang,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Evan E. Eichler,Eray Tüzün,Ewan Birney,Emmanuel Mongin,Abel Ureta-Vidal,Cara Woodwark,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Peer Bork,Mikita Suyama,David Torrents,Marina Alexandersson,Barbara J. Trask,Janet M. Young,Hui Huang,Huajun Wang,Heming Xing,Sue Daniels,Darryl Gietzen,Jeanette Schmidt,Kristian Stevens,Ursula Vitt,Jim Wingrove,Francisco Camara,M. Mar Albà,Josep F. Abril,Roderic Guigó,Arian F.A. Smit,Inna Dubchak,Inna Dubchak,Edward M. Rubin,Edward M. Rubin,Olivier Couronne,Olivier Couronne,Alexander Poliakov,Norbert Hubner,Detlev Ganten,Claudia Goesele,Claudia Goesele,Oliver Hummel,Oliver Hummel,Thomas Kreitler,Thomas Kreitler,Young-Ae Lee,Jan Monti,Herbert Schulz,Heike Zimdahl,Heinz Himmelbauer,Hans Lehrach,Howard J. Jacob,Susan Bromberg,Jo Gullings-Handley,Michael I. Jensen-Seaman,Anne E. Kwitek,Jozef Lazar,Dean Pasko,Peter J. Tonellato,Simon N. Twigger,Chris P. Ponting,Jose M. Duarte,Stephen Rice,Leo Goodstadt,Scott A. Beatson,Richard D. Emes,Eitan E. Winter,Caleb Webber,Petra Brandt,Gerald Nyakatura,Margaret Adetobi,Francesca Chiaromonte,Laura Elnitski,Pallavi Eswara,Ross C. Hardison,Minmei Hou,Diana L. Kolbe,Kateryna D. Makova,Webb Miller,Anton Nekrutenko,Cathy Riemer,Scott Schwartz,James Taylor,Shan Yang,Yi Zhang,Klaus Lindpaintner,T. Dan Andrews,Mario Caccamo,Michele Clamp,Laura Clarke,Valerie Curwen,Richard Durbin,Eduardo Eyras,Stephen M. J. Searle,Gregory M. Cooper,Serafim Batzoglou,Michael Brudno,Arend Sidow,Eric A. Stone,Bret A. Payseur,Guillaume Bourque,Carlos López-Otín,Xose S. Puente,Kushal Chakrabarti,Sourav Chatterji,Colin N. Dewey,Lior Pachter,Nicolas Bray,Von Bing Yap,Anat Caspi,San Diego Glenn Tesler,Pavel A. Pevzner,Santa Cruz David Haussler,Krishna M. Roskin,Robert Baertsch,Hiram Clawson,Terrence S. Furey,Angie S. Hinrichs,Donna Karolchik,W. J. Kent,Kate R. Rosenbloom,Heather Trumbower,Matt Weirauch,Matt Weirauch,David Neil Cooper,Peter D. Stenson,Bin Ma,Michael R. Brent,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,David Shteynberg,Richard R. Copley,Martin S. Taylor,Harold Riethman,Uma Mudunuri,Jane Peterson,Mark S. Guyer,Adam Felsenfeld,Susan Old,Stephen C. Mockrin,Francis S. Collins +242 more
TL;DR: This first comprehensive analysis of the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain is reported, which is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution.
Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolutionRat Genome Sequencing Project ConsortiumNature200442849352115057822
Richard A. Gibbs,George M. Weinstock,Michael L. Metzker,Donna M. Muzny,Erica Sodergren,Steven E. Scherer,Graham R. Scott,David Steffen,Kim C. Worley,Paula E. Burch,Geoffrey Okwuonu,Sandra Hines,Lora Lewis,C. DeRamo,Oliver Delgado,S. Dugan Rocha,George Miner,Margaret Morgan,Alicia Hawes,Rachel Gill,Robert A. Holt,Mark Raymond Adams,Peter G. Amanatides,H. Baden Tillson,Mary Barnstead,Soo H. Chin,Cheryl A. Evans,Steve Ferriera,Carl Fosler,A. Glodek,Gu Zp,D. Jennings,Cheryl L. Kraft,T. Nguyen,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Cynthia Sitter,Granger G. Sutton,J. C. Venter,Trevor Woodage,Douglas Smith,H. M. Lee,Erik Gustafson,Patrick Cahill,A. Kana,L. Doucette Stamm,Keith Weinstock,Kim Fechtel,Robert B. Weiss,Diane M. Dunn,Eric D. Green,Robert W. Blakesley,Gerard G. Bouffard,P. J. De Jong,Kazutoyo Osoegawa,Zhu Bl,Marco A. Marra,Jacqueline E. Schein,Ian Bosdet,Chris Fjell,Steven J.M. Jones,Martin Krzywinski,Carrie Mathewson,Asim Sarosh Siddiqui,Natasja Wye,John Douglas Mcpherson,Zhao Sy,Claire M. Fraser,Jyoti Shetty,Sofiya Shatsman,Keita Geer,Chen Yx,S. Abramzon,William C. Nierman,Paul Havlak,Rui Chen,K. J. Durbin,Amy Egan,Ren Yr,Xing Zhi Song,Li Bs,Yue Liu,Xiang Qin,Simon Cawley,Austin J. Cooney,Lisa M. D'Souza,Kirt Martin,Jia Qian Wu,M. L. Gonzalez Garay,Andrew R. Jackson,K. J. Kalafus,Michael P. McLeod,Aleksandar Milosavljevic,D. Virk,A. Volkov,David A. Wheeler,Zhang Zd,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Evan E. Eichler,Eray Tüzün,Ewan Birney,Emmanuel Mongin,A. Ureta Vidal,C. Woodwark,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Peer Bork,Mikita Suyama,David Torrents,Marina Alexandersson,Barbara J. Trask,Janet M. Young,Hui Huang,Wang Hj,Xing Hm,Sue Daniels,Darryl Gietzen,Jeanette Schmidt,K. Stevens,Ursula Vitt,Jim Wingrove,Francisco Camara,M. Mar Albà,Josep F. Abril,Roderic Guigó,Arian F.A. Smit,Inna Dubchak,Edward M. Rubin,Olivier Couronne,Alexander Poliakov,Norbert Hubner,Detlev Ganten,C. Goesele,Oliver Hummel,Thomas Kreitler,Young-Ae Lee,Jan Monti,Herbert Schulz,Heike Zimdahl,Heinz Himmelbauer,Hans Lehrach,Howard J. Jacob,Susan Bromberg,J. Gullings Handley,M. I. Jensen Seaman,Anne E. Kwitek,Jozef Lazar,Dean Pasko,Peter J. Tonellato,Simon N. Twigger,Chris P. Ponting,Jose M. Duarte,Stephen Rice,Leo Goodstadt,Scott A. Beatson,Richard D. Emes,Eitan E. Winter,Caleb Webber,Petra Brandt,Gerald Nyakatura,M. Adetobi,Francesca Chiaromonte,Laura Elnitski,Pallavi Eswara,Ross C. Hardison,Hou Mm,Diana L. Kolbe,Kateryna D. Makova,Webb Miller,Anton Nekrutenko,Cathy Riemer,Scott Schwartz,James Taylor,Shan Yang,Yi Zhang,Klaus Lindpaintner,T. D. Andrews,Mario Caccamo,Michele Clamp,Laura Clarke,V. Curwen,Richard Durbin,Eduardo Eyras,Stephen M. J. Searle,Gregory M. Cooper,Serafim Batzoglou,Michael Brudno,Arend Sidow,Eric A. Stone,Bret A. Payseur,Guillaume Bourque,C. Lopez Otin,Xose S. Puente,Kushal Chakrabarti,Sourav Chatterji,Colin N. Dewey,Lior Pachter,Nicolas Bray,Von Bing Yap,Anat Caspi,G. Tesler,Pavel A. Pevzner,David Haussler,Krishna M. Roskin,Robert Baertsch,Hiram Clawson,Terrence S. Furey,Angie S. Hinrichs,Donna Karolchik,W. J. Kent,Kate R. Rosenbloom,Heather Trumbower,M. Weirauch,David Neil Cooper,Peter D. Stenson,Bin Ma,Michael R. Brent,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,David Shteynberg,Richard R. Copley,Martin S. Taylor,Harold Riethman,Uma Mudunuri,Jane Peterson,Mark S. Guyer,Adam Felsenfeld,Susan Old,Stephen C. Mockrin,Francis S. Collins +226 more
Abstract: The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality ‘draft’ covering over 90% of the genome. The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg Extinction on Mammal Diversification
Robert W. Meredith,Jan E. Janecka,John Gatesy,Oliver A. Ryder,Colleen A. Fisher,Emma C. Teeling,Alisha Goodbla,Eduardo Eizirik,Taiz L. L. Simão,Tanja Stadler,Daniel L. Rabosky,Rodney L. Honeycutt,John J. Flynn,Colleen M. Ingram,Cynthia C. Steiner,Tiffani L. Williams,Terence J. Robinson,Angela Burk-Herrick,Angela Burk-Herrick,Michael Westerman,Nadia A. Ayoub,Nadia A. Ayoub,Mark S. Springer,William J. Murphy +23 more
TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic analysis, calibrated with fossils, resolves the time frame of the mammalian radiation and diversification analyses suggest important roles for the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted interordinal and intraordinal diversification, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Convergence across biomes to a common rain-use efficiency
Travis E. Huxman,Melinda D. Smith,Melinda D. Smith,Philip A. Fay,Alan K. Knapp,M. Rebecca Shaw,Michael E. Loik,Stanley D. Smith,David T. Tissue,John C. Zak,Jake F. Weltzin,William T. Pockman,Osvaldo E. Sala,Brent M. Haddad,John Harte,George W. Koch,Susan Schwinning,Eric E. Small,David G. Williams +18 more
TL;DR: It is shown that RUE decreases across biomes as mean annual precipitation increases, and during the driest years at each site, there is convergence to a common maximum RUE (RUEmax) that is typical of arid ecosystems.
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