Journal ArticleDOI
Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia
Tim D. White,Berhane Asfaw,David DeGusta,Henry Gilbert,Gary D. Richards,Gen Suwa,F. Clark Howell +6 more
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Fossilized hominid crania from Herto, Middle Awash, Ethiopia are described and provide crucial evidence on the location, timing and contextual circumstances of the emergence of Homo sapiens.Abstract:
The origin of anatomically modern Homo sapiens and the fate of Neanderthals have been fundamental questions in human evolutionary studies for over a century. A key barrier to the resolution of these questions has been the lack of substantial and accurately dated African hominid fossils from between 100,000 and 300,000 years ago. Here we describe fossilized hominid crania from Herto, Middle Awash, Ethiopia, that fill this gap and provide crucial evidence on the location, timing and contextual circumstances of the emergence of Homo sapiens. Radioisotopically dated to between 160,000 and 154,000 years ago, these new fossils predate classic Neanderthals and lack their derived features. The Herto hominids are morphologically and chronologically intermediate between archaic African fossils and later anatomically modern Late Pleistocene humans. They therefore represent the probable immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans. Their anatomy and antiquity constitute strong evidence of modern-human emergence in Africa.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Continuity of Microblade Technology in the Indian Subcontinent Since 45 ka: Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans
TL;DR: It is suggested that modern humans dispersed from Africa in two stages coinciding with the warmer interglacial conditions of MIS 5 and MIS 3 and this calls into question the “southern dispersal” route of modern humans from Africa through India to SE Asia and then to Australia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Late Pleistocene age and archaeological context for the hominin calvaria from GvJm-22 (Lukenya Hill, Kenya)
Christian A. Tryon,Isabelle Crevecoeur,J. Tyler Faith,Ravid Ekshtain,Joelle Nivens,David B. Patterson,Emma Mbua,Fred Spoor +7 more
TL;DR: Detailed chronological, archaeological, and human paleontological analyses of the GvJm-22 rock shelter and Kenya National Museums Lukenya Hill Hominid 1 partial calvaria constrain the age of major behavioral changes among African foragers (the shift to Later Stone Age technologies) and demonstrate the morphological distinctness of Late Pleistocene African hominins.
Journal IssueDOI
New Excavations at the Site of Contrebandiers Cave, Morocco
Harold L. Dibble,Vera Aldeias,Esteban Álvarez-Fernández,Bonnie A.B. Blackwell,Emily Hallett-Desguez,Zenobia Jacobs,Paul Goldberg,Sam C. Lin,André Morala,Michael C. Meyer,Deborah I. Olszewski,Kaye E. Reed,Denné Reed,Zeljko Rezek,Daniel Richter,Richard G. Roberts,Dennis Sandgathe,Utsav A. Schurmans,Anne R. Skinner,Teresa E. Steele,Mohamed El-Hajraoui +20 more
TL;DR: PaleoAnthropology 2012: 145−201 as mentioned in this paper ] is a journal publication of the PaleoAnthropological Society (PA) 2012. ISSN 1545-0031 et al. 2012.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity.
Charles Perreault,Sarah Mathew +1 more
TL;DR: This work uses a natural experiment, the colonization of Southeast Asia and Andaman Islands, to estimate the rate at which phonemic diversity increases through time, and estimates that present-day languages date back to the Middle Stone Age in Africa.
Journal ArticleDOI
The reconstructed evolutionary process with the fossil record
TL;DR: Results show that taking the fossil record into account yields more accurate estimates of speciation and extinction rates than considering only contemporary lineages.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans
TL;DR: The global mtDNA diversity in humans is described based on analyses of the complete mtDNA sequence of 53 humans of diverse origins, providing a concurrent view on human evolution with respect to the age of modern humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations
Peter A. Underhill,Giuseppe Passarino,A. A. Lin,Peidong Shen,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Robert Foley,Peter J. Oefner,Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza +8 more
TL;DR: A set of unique event polymorphisms associated with the non‐recombining portion of the Y‐chromosome (NRY) addresses this issue by providing evidence concerning successful migrations originating from Africa, which can be interpreted as subsequent colonizations, differentiations and migrations overlaid upon previous population ranges.
Journal ArticleDOI
Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia
TL;DR: The antiquity and primitive morphology of A. ramidus suggests that it represents a long-sought potential root species for the Hominidae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Out of Africa again and again.
TL;DR: A coherent picture of recent human evolution emerges with two major themes: first is the dominant role that Africa has played in shaping the modern human gene pool through at least two—not one—major expansions after the original range extension of Homo erectus out of Africa, and second is the ubiquity of genetic interchange between human populations.
Book ChapterDOI
Progress and Prospects
TL;DR: Improvement in understanding has led in some cases to better management with improved outcome for the patient, whereas in other areas the way is now clear towards a better prospect for the future.
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