Journal ArticleDOI
Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia
Tim D. White,Berhane Asfaw,David DeGusta,Henry Gilbert,Gary D. Richards,Gen Suwa,F. Clark Howell +6 more
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Fossilized hominid crania from Herto, Middle Awash, Ethiopia are described and provide crucial evidence on the location, timing and contextual circumstances of the emergence of Homo sapiens.Abstract:
The origin of anatomically modern Homo sapiens and the fate of Neanderthals have been fundamental questions in human evolutionary studies for over a century. A key barrier to the resolution of these questions has been the lack of substantial and accurately dated African hominid fossils from between 100,000 and 300,000 years ago. Here we describe fossilized hominid crania from Herto, Middle Awash, Ethiopia, that fill this gap and provide crucial evidence on the location, timing and contextual circumstances of the emergence of Homo sapiens. Radioisotopically dated to between 160,000 and 154,000 years ago, these new fossils predate classic Neanderthals and lack their derived features. The Herto hominids are morphologically and chronologically intermediate between archaic African fossils and later anatomically modern Late Pleistocene humans. They therefore represent the probable immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans. Their anatomy and antiquity constitute strong evidence of modern-human emergence in Africa.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis and the Denisova specimen: New insights on their evolutionary histories using whole-genome comparisons
Vanessa Rodrigues Paixão-Côrtes,Lucas H. Viscardi,Francisco M. Salzano,Tábita Hünemeier,Maria Cátira Bortolini +4 more
TL;DR: The selective sweep that gave rise to Homo sapiens could, therefore, have initiated before the modern/archaic human divergence.
Posted ContentDOI
Macroevolution of Technology
Leonid Grinin,Anton Grinin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the Theory of Production Revolutions, which is a new explanatory paradigm which is of value when analyzing causes and trends of global shifts in historical process and demonstrates a possible application of the theory to explain the present and forthcoming technological changes.
Book ChapterDOI
DISCUSSION 4: The Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic Transition: What News?
TL;DR: This article reviewed the state of the research on the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition following profound paradigm changes in the last three decades and suggested that the Middle-to-Upper Pareto transition is a complex phenomenon that constitutes regional processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral Modernity in Retrospect
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the debate about behavioral modernity in our species, listing counterexamples to the thesis that there was a dramatic change to the minds of Cro-Magnon sapiens in Europe in the Upper Paleolithic.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans
TL;DR: The global mtDNA diversity in humans is described based on analyses of the complete mtDNA sequence of 53 humans of diverse origins, providing a concurrent view on human evolution with respect to the age of modern humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations
Peter A. Underhill,Giuseppe Passarino,A. A. Lin,Peidong Shen,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Robert Foley,Peter J. Oefner,Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza +8 more
TL;DR: A set of unique event polymorphisms associated with the non‐recombining portion of the Y‐chromosome (NRY) addresses this issue by providing evidence concerning successful migrations originating from Africa, which can be interpreted as subsequent colonizations, differentiations and migrations overlaid upon previous population ranges.
Journal ArticleDOI
Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia
TL;DR: The antiquity and primitive morphology of A. ramidus suggests that it represents a long-sought potential root species for the Hominidae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Out of Africa again and again.
TL;DR: A coherent picture of recent human evolution emerges with two major themes: first is the dominant role that Africa has played in shaping the modern human gene pool through at least two—not one—major expansions after the original range extension of Homo erectus out of Africa, and second is the ubiquity of genetic interchange between human populations.
Book ChapterDOI
Progress and Prospects
TL;DR: Improvement in understanding has led in some cases to better management with improved outcome for the patient, whereas in other areas the way is now clear towards a better prospect for the future.
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