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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Processing of protein ADP-ribosylation by Nudix hydrolases.

TLDR
Human Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X)-type motif 16 (hNUDT16) represents a new enzyme class that can process protein ADP-ribosylation in vitro, converting it into ribose-5'-phosphate (R5P) tags covalently attached to the modified proteins.
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins found in organisms from all kingdoms of life which regulates many important biological functions including DNA repair, chromatin structure, unfolded protein response and apoptosis. Several cellular enzymes, such as macrodomain containing proteins PARG [poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase] and TARG1 [terminal ADP-ribose (ADPr) protein glycohydrolase], reverse protein ADP-ribosylation. In the present study, we show that human Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X)-type motif 16 (hNUDT16) represents a new enzyme class that can process protein ADP-ribosylation in vitro , converting it into ribose-5′-phosphate (R5P) tags covalently attached to the modified proteins. Furthermore, our data show that hNUDT16 enzymatic activity can be used to trim ADP-ribosylation on proteins in order to facilitate analysis of ADP-ribosylation sites on proteins by MS.

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PARPs and ADP-ribosylation: recent advances linking molecular functions to biological outcomes

TL;DR: New findings on the diverse roles of PARPs in chromatin regulation, transcription, RNA biology, and DNA repair have been complemented by recent advances that link ADP-ribosylation to stress responses, metabolism, viral infections, and cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Serine ADP-Ribosylation Depends on HPF1

TL;DR: It is reported that serine ADPr is strictly dependent on histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1), a recently identified regulator of PARP-1, and proposed that O-linked protein AD Pr is the key signal in PARP/PARP-2-dependent processes that govern genome stability.
Journal ArticleDOI

Insights into the biogenesis, function, and regulation of ADP-ribosylation.

TL;DR: The functions of amino acid ADPr modifications and the ART proteins that make them, the nature of the chemical linkage between ADPr and its targets and how this impacts function and stability, and the way that ARTs select specific amino acids in targets to modify are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Phosphoribosylation of Ubiquitin Promotes Serine Ubiquitination and Impairs Conventional Ubiquitination

TL;DR: A phosphodiesterase domain in SdeA is identified that efficiently catalyzes phosphoribosylation of ubiquitin on a specific arginine via an ADP-ribose-ubiquitin intermediate and it is proposed that phosphorIBosylations of ubiqu itin potently modulates ubiquit in mammalian cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Poly(adp-ribosyl)ation reactions in the regulation of nuclear functions

TL;DR: The total dependence of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis on DNA strand breaks strongly suggests that this post-translational modification is involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids, and the presence of PARP in these multiprotein complexes clearly supports an important role for poly(ADE-ribosyl)ation reactions in DNA transactions.
Journal ArticleDOI

The PARP superfamily.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the present knowledge of this emerging superfamily of Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases, which might ultimately improve pharmacological strategies to enhance both antitumor efficacy and the treatment of a number of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
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New insights into the molecular and cellular functions of poly(ADP-ribose) and PARPs.

TL;DR: This work has shown that the activity of PARP family members, such as PARP1 and PARP2, is tied to cellular signalling pathways, and through poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) they ultimately promote changes in gene expression, RNA and protein abundance, and the location and activity of proteins that mediate signalling responses.
Journal ArticleDOI

A malachite green procedure for orthophosphate determination and its use in alkaline phosphatase-based enzyme immunoassay.

TL;DR: An improved procedure for phosphate determination based on a highly colored complex of phosphomolybdate and malachite green is described, resulting in a 4-fold increase in sensitivity and a 20-fold gain in sensitivity in terms of absorbance readings compared to the standard method based on rho-nitrophenol measurement.
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