Quantifying the rise of the Himalaya orogen and implications for the South Asian monsoon
Lin Ding,Robert A. Spicer,Robert A. Spicer,Jian Yang,Qiang Xu,Fulong Cai,Shun Li,Qingzhou Lai,Houqi Wang,Teresa E.V. Spicer,Yahui Yue,Anvisha Shukla,Gaurav Srivastava,M. Ali Khan,Subir Bera,Subir Bera,Rakesh C. Mehrotra +16 more
TLDR
The authors reconstructs the rise of a segment of the southern flank of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen, to the south of the Lhasa terrane, using a paleoaltimeter based on paleoenthalpy encoded in fossil leaves from two new assemblages in southern Tibet (Liuqu and Qiabulin) and four previously known floras from the foreland basin.Abstract:
We reconstruct the rise of a segment of the southern flank of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen, to the south of the Lhasa terrane, using a paleoaltimeter based on paleoenthalpy encoded in fossil leaves from two new assemblages in southern Tibet (Liuqu and Qiabulin) and four previously known floras from the Himalaya foreland basin. U-Pb dating of zircons constrains the Liuqu flora to the latest Paleocene (ca. 56 Ma) and the Qiabulin flora to the earliest Miocene (21- 19 Ma). The proto-Himalaya grew slowly against a high (similar to 4 km) proto-Tibetan Plateau from similar to 1 km in the late Paleocene to similar to 2.3 km at the beginning of the Miocene, and achieved at least similar to 5.5 km by ca. 15 Ma. Contrasting precipitation patterns between the Himalaya-Tibet edifice and the Himalaya foreland basin for the past similar to 56 m.y. show progressive drying across southern Tibet, seemingly linked to the uplift of the Himalaya orogen.read more
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Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating
TL;DR: It is shown that, although Tibetan plateau heating locally enhances rainfall along its southern edge in an atmospheric model, the large-scale South Asian summer monsoon circulation is otherwise unaffected by removal of the plateau, provided that the narrow orography of the Himalayas and adjacent mountain ranges is preserved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mesozoic─Cenozoic geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and working tectonic hypotheses
Paul Kapp,Peter G. DeCelles +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize the Triassic through Cenozoic geology of the central Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and presents their tectonic interpretations in a time series of schematic lithosphere-scale cross-sections and paleogeographic maps.
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Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora
Wen-Na Ding,Wen-Na Ding,Richard H. Ree,Robert A. Spicer,Robert A. Spicer,Robert A. Spicer,Yao-Wu Xing,Yao-Wu Xing +7 more
TL;DR: In the world’s richest temperate alpine flora, that of the Tibet-Himalaya-Hengduan region, phylogenetic reconstructions of biome and geographic range evolution show that extant lineages emerged by the early Oligocene and diversified first in the Heng DUan Mountains.
Journal ArticleDOI
Past East Asian monsoon evolution controlled by paleogeography, not CO2
Alexander Farnsworth,Daniel J. Lunt,Stuart A. Robinson,Paul J. Valdes,William H. G. Roberts,Peter D. Clift,Peter D. Clift,Paul J. Markwick,Tao Su,Neil Wrobel,Fran Bragg,Sarah-Jane Kelland,Richard D. Pancost +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that, apart from a dry period in the middle Cretaceous, a monsoon system has existed in East Asia since at least the Early Cret Jurassic, with little influence from atmospheric CO2.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Miocene: The Future of the Past
Margret Steinthorsdottir,Margret Steinthorsdottir,Helen K. Coxall,A. M. de Boer,Matthew Huber,Natasha Barbolini,Catherine Bradshaw,Catherine Bradshaw,Natalie J. Burls,Sarah J. Feakins,Edward Gasson,Jorijntje Henderiks,Ann Holbourn,S. Kiel,S. Kiel,Matthew J. Kohn,Gregor Knorr,Wolfram M. Kürschner,Caroline H Lear,Diederik Liebrand,Daniel J. Lunt,Thomas Mörs,Thomas Mörs,Paul Nicholas Pearson,Matthew J. Pound,Heather Stoll,Caroline A.E. Strömberg +26 more
TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art in Miocene climate, ocean circulation, biogeochemical cycling, ice sheet dynamics, and biotic adaptation research can be found in this article.
References
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Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian Monsoon
TL;DR: For example, Hou et al. as mentioned in this paper show that a small increase in the mean elevation of the Tibetan Plateau of 1000 m or more in a few million years is required by abrupt tectonic and environmental changes in Asia and the Indian Ocean.
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Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: Field observations and tectonic implications
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize evidence for Quaternary and active faulting collected in the field during three Sino-French expeditions to southeastern Tibet (1980-1982) using structural and topographic reliefs, as well as synglacial and postglacial vertical offsets.
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Palaeo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet
David B. Rowley,Brian S. Currie +1 more
TL;DR: Estimates of the palaeo-altimetry of late Eocene and younger deposits of the Lunpola basin in the centre of the plateau indicate that the surface of Tibet has been at an elevation of more than 4 kilometres for at least the past 35 million years.
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Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating
William R. Boos,Zhiming Kuang +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an atmospheric model is used to show that flattening of the Tibetan plateau has little effect on the monsoon, provided that the narrow orography of the Himalayas and adjacent mountain ranges is preserved.
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Paleocene–Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India‐Asia collision, south central Tibet
Lin Ding,Paul Kapp,Xiaoqiao Wan +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that detrital chromium-rich spinels of ophiolite affinity (TiO2 generally < 0.1 wt%) were obtained from the Yarlung Zangbo suture in south central Tibet.