Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: Significance of Grain Boundaries, Interface Traps, and Defect Ions
Tejas S. Sherkar,Cristina Momblona,Lidón Gil-Escrig,Jorge Ávila,Michele Sessolo,Henk J. Bolink,L. Jan Anton Koster +6 more
TLDR
A direct correlation is found between the density of traps, thedensity of mobile ionic defects, and the degree of hysteresis observed in the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics of perovskite solar cells.Abstract:
Trap-assisted recombination, despite being lower as compared with traditional inorganic solar cells, is still the dominant recombination mechanism in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and limits their efficiency. We investigate the attributes of the primary trap-assisted recombination channels (grain boundaries and interfaces) and their correlation to defect ions in PSCs. We achieve this by using a validated device model to fit the simulations to the experimental data of efficient vacuum-deposited p–i–n and n–i–p CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells, including the light intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. We find that, despite the presence of traps at interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs), their neutral (when filled with photogenerated charges) disposition along with the long-lived nature of holes leads to the high performance of PSCs. The sign of the traps (when filled) is of little importance in efficient solar cells with compact morphologies (fused GBs, low trap density). On the other hand,...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the fundamentals behind the optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, as well as the important approaches to fabricating high-efficiency perovSKite solar cells, and possible next-generation strategies for enhancing the PCE over the Shockley-Queisser limit are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells
TL;DR: The recent advances in passivation of imperfections and suppressing ion migration to achieve improved efficiency and highly stable perovskite solar cells are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cation and anion immobilization through chemical bonding enhancement with fluorides for stable halide perovskite solar cells
Nengxu Li,Shuxia Tao,Yihua Chen,Xiuxiu Niu,Chidozie Onwudinanti,Chen Hu,Zhiwen Qiu,Ziqi Xu,Guanhaojie Zheng,Ligang Wang,Yu Zhang,Liang Li,Huifen Liu,Yingzhuo Lun,Jiawang Hong,Xueyun Wang,Yuquan Liu,Haipeng Xie,Yongli Gao,Yongli Gao,Yang Bai,Shihe Yang,Shihe Yang,Geert Brocks,Geert Brocks,Qi Chen,Huanping Zhou +26 more
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors employed fluoride to simultaneously passivate both anion and cation vacancies, by taking advantage of the extremely high electronegativity of fluoride, and obtained a power conversion efficiency of 21.46% (and a certified 21.3%-efficient cell) in a device based on the caesium, methylammonium (MA), and formamidinium (FA) triple-cation perovskite (Cs0.05FA0.41)Pb(I0.98Br0.02)3 treated with sodium
Journal ArticleDOI
Interpretation and evolution of open-circuit voltage, recombination, ideality factor and subgap defect states during reversible light-soaking and irreversible degradation of perovskite solar cells
Wolfgang Tress,Mozhgan Yavari,Konrad Domanski,Pankaj Yadav,Bjoern Niesen,Juan Pablo Correa Baena,Anders Hagfeldt,Michael Graetzel +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed perovskite solar cells with different architectures (planar, mesoporous, HTL-free), employing temperature dependent measurements (currentvoltage, light intensity, electroluminescence) of the ideality factor to identify dominating recombination processes that limit the open-circuit voltage (Voc).
Journal ArticleDOI
Scalable fabrication and coating methods for perovskite solar cells and solar modules
Nam-Gyu Park,Kai Zhu +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss solution-based and vapour-phase coating methods for the fabrication of large-area perovskite films, examine the progress in performance and the parameters affecting the properties of large area coatings.
References
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Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
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Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH3NH3PbI3
Guichuan Xing,Nripan Mathews,Shuangyong Sun,Swee Sien Lim,Yeng Ming Lam,Michael Grätzel,Michael Grätzel,Subodh Mhaisalkar,Tze Chien Sum +8 more
TL;DR: Two studies show, using a variety of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques, that perovskite materials manifest relatively long diffusion paths for charge carriers energized by light absorption, highlighting effective carrier diffusion as a fruitful parameter for further optimization.