Journal ArticleDOI
Second-order scalar-tensor field equations in a four-dimensional space
TLDR
In this article, the second-order Euler-Lagrange tensors are derived from a Lagrangian which is at most of second order in the derivatives of the field functions.Abstract:
Lagrange scalar densities which are concomitants of a pseudo-Riemannian metric-tensor, a scalar field and their derivatives of arbitrary order are considered. The most general second-order Euler-Lagrange tensors derivable from such a Lagrangian in a four-dimensional space are constructed, and it is shown that these Euler-Lagrange tensors may be obtained from a Lagrangian which is at most of second order in the derivatives of the field functions.read more
Citations
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Beyond $\Lambda$CDM: Problems, solutions, and the road ahead
Philip Bull,Yashar Akrami,Julian Adamek,Tessa Baker,Emilio Bellini,Jose Beltrán Jiménez,Eloisa Bentivegna,Stefano Camera,Sebastien Clesse,Jonathan H. Davis,Enea Di Dio,Jonas Enander,Alan Heavens,Lavinia Heisenberg,Bin Hu,Claudio Llinares,Roy Maartens,Edvard Mörtsell,Seshadri Nadathur,Johannes Noller,Roman Pasechnik,Marcel S. Pawlowski,Thiago S. Pereira,Miguel Quartin,Angelo Ricciardone,Signe Riemer-Sørensen,Massimiliano Rinaldi,Jeremy Sakstein,Ippocratis D. Saltas,Vincenzo Salzano,Ignacy Sawicki,Adam R. Solomon,Douglas Spolyar,Glenn D. Starkman,Daniele A. Steer,Ismael Tereno,Licia Verde,Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro,Mikael von Strauss,Hans A. Winther +39 more
TL;DR: There is a persistent interest in extending cosmology beyond the standard model, $\Lambda$CDM as discussed by the authors, motivated by a range of apparently serious theoretical issues, involving such questions as the cosmological constant problem, the particle nature of dark matter, the validity of general relativity on large scales, the existence of anomalies in the CMB and on small scales, and the predictivity and testability of the inflationary paradigm.
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Maximal freedom at minimum cost: linear large-scale structure in general modifications of gravity
Emilio Bellini,Ignacy Sawicki +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a turnkey solution, ready for implementation in numerical codes, for the study of linear structure formation in general scalar-tensor models involving a single universally coupled scalar field, and show that the totality of cosmological information on the gravitational sector can be compressed into five independent and arbitrary functions of time only and one constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testing general relativity in cosmology
TL;DR: The review aims at providing an overall picture of the subject and an entry point to students and researchers interested in joining the field and a quick reference to recent results and constraints on testing gravity at cosmological scales.
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Generalization of the Proca Action
TL;DR: In this article, the Lagrangian of a vector field with derivative self-interactions with a priori arbitrary coefficients was considered and the Horndeski Proca action with second order equations of motion on curved space-times was analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
Elcio Abdalla,G. F. Abell'an,Amin Aboubrahim,Adriano Agnello,Ozgur Akarsu,Yashar Akrami,George Alestas,Daniel Aloni,Luca Amendola,Luis A. Anchordoqui,Richard I. Anderson,Nikki Arendse,Marika Asgari,Mario Ballardini,Vernon Barger,Spyros Basilakos,R. C. Batista,Elia S. Battistelli,Richard A. Battye,Micol Benetti,David Benisty,Asher Berlin,P. de Bernardis,Emanuele Berti,Bohdan Bidenko,Simon Birrer,John P. Blakeslee,Kimberly K. Boddy,Clecio R. Bom,Alexander Bonilla,Nicolas Borghi,F. R. Bouchet,Matteo Braglia,Thomas Buchert,E. Buckley-Geer,Erminia Calabrese,Robert R. Caldwell,David Camarena,Salvatore Capozziello,Stefano Casertano,Geoff C. F. Chen,Jens Chluba,Angela Chen,Hsin-Yu Chen,Anton Chudaykin,Michele Cicoli,Craig J. Copi,Frederic Courbin,Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine,Bozena Czerny,Maria Giovanna Dainotti,Guido D'Amico,Anne-Christine Davis,Javier P'erez,Jaume Haro,Jacques Delabrouille,Peter B. Denton,Suhail Dhawan,Keith R. Dienes,E. Di Valentino,Pu Du,Dominique Eckert,Celia Escamilla-Rivera,A. Fert'e,Fabio Finelli,Pablo Fosalba,Wendy L. Freedman,Noemi Frusciante,Enrique Gaztanaga,William Giarè,Elena Giusarma,Adria G'omez-Valent,Will Handley,Ian Harrison,Luke Hart,Dhiraj Kumar Hazra,Alan Heavens,Asta Heinesen,Hendrik Hildebrandt,Jessica C Hill,Natalie B. Hogg,Daniel E. Holz,Deanna C. Hooper,Nikoo Hosseininejad,Dragan Huterer,Mustapha Ishak,Mikhail M. Ivanov,Andrew H. Jaffe,In Sung Jang,Karsten Jedamzik,Raul Jimenez,Melissa Joseph,Shahab Joudaki,Marc Kamionkowski,Tanvi Karwal,Lavrentios Kazantzidis,Ryan E. Keeley,Michael Klasen,Eiichiro Komatsu,Léon V. E. Koopmans,Suresh Kumar,Luca Lamagna,Ruth Lazkoz,Chung-Chi Lee,Julien Lesgourgues,Jackson Levi Said,Tiffany R. Lewis,Benjamin L'Huiller,Matteo Lucca,Roy Maartens,Lucas M. Macri,Danny Marfatia,Valerio Marra,Carlos Martins,Silvia Masi,Sabino Matarrese,Arindam Mazumdar,Alessandro Melchiorri,Olga Mena,Laura Mersini-Houghton,James B. Mertens,Dinko Milaković,Yuto Minami,V. Miranda,Cristian Moreno-Pulido,Michele Ennio Maria Moresco,David F. Mota,Emil Mottola,Simone Mozzon,J. Muir,Ankan Mukherjee,Suvodip Mukherjee,Pavel Naselsky,Pran Nath,Savvas Nesseris,Florian Niedermann,Alessio Notari,Rafael C. Nunes,Eoin 'O Colg'ain,Kayla A. Owens,Emre Ozulker,Francesco Paresce,Andronikos Paliathanasis,Antonella Palmese,Supriya Pan,Daniela Paoletti,S. E. Perez Bergliaffa,Leadros Perivolaropoulos,Dominic W. Pesce,Valeria Pettorino,Oliver H. E. Philcox,Levon Pogosian,Vivian Poulin,Gaspard Poulot,Marco Roveri,Mark J. Reid,F. Renzi,Adam G. Riess,V. I. Sabla,Paolo Salucci,Vincenzo Salzano,Emmanuel N. Saridakis,Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash,Martin Schmaltz,N. Schoneberg,Daniel Scolnic,Anjan A. Sen,Neelima Sehgal,Arman Shafieloo,Mohammmad Mahdi Sheikh-Jabbari,Joseph Silk,Alessandra Silvestri,Foteini Skara,Martin S. Sloth,Marcelle Soares-Santos,Joan Solà Peracaula,Yu-Yang Songsheng,Jorge F. Soriano,Denitsa Staicova,Glenn D. Starkman,István Szapudi,E. Teixera,Brooks Thomas,Tommaso Treu,E. Trott,Carsten van de Bruck,Jose Alberto Vazquez,Licia Verde,Luca Visinelli,Deng Wang,Jian-Min Wang,Shao-Jiang Wang,Richard Watkins,Scott Watson,John K. Webb,Neal Weiner,Amanda Weltman,Samuel J. Witte,Radosław Wojtak,Anil Kumar Yadav,Weiqiang Yang,Gong-Bo Zhao,Miguel Zumalac'arregui +202 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the 5.0σ tension between the Planck CMB estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements and discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model.
References
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Mach's principle and a relativistic theory of gravitation
Carl H. Brans,R. H. Dicke +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of Mach's principle in physics is discussed in relation to the equivalence principle and the difficulties encountered in attempting to incorporate Mach's principles into general relativity are discussed.
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TL;DR: In this article, the Euler-Lagrange equations corresponding to a Lagrange density which is a function of g ≥ 2 and its first two derivatives are investigated and necessary and sufficient conditions for these equations to be of second order are obtained and it is shown that in a four-dimensional space the Einstein field equations (with cosmological term) are the only permissible second order Euler Lagrange equations.
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