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SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism
Hung-Chun Chang,Leonard Guarente +1 more
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TLDR
This review will cover these topics and suggest that strategies to maintain sirtuin activity may be on the horizon to forestall diseases of aging.Abstract:
Sirtuins such as SIRT1 are conserved protein NAD(+)-dependent deacylases and thus their function is intrinsically linked to cellular metabolism. Over the past two decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are not only important energy status sensors but also protect cells against metabolic stresses. Sirtuins regulate the aging process and are themselves regulated by diet and environmental stress. The versatile functions of sirtuins including, more specifically, SIRT1 are supported by their diverse cellular location allowing cells to sense changes in energy levels in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. SIRT1 plays a critical role in metabolic health by deacetylating many target proteins in numerous tissues, including liver, muscle, adipose tissue, heart, and endothelium. This sirtuin also exerts important systemic effects via the hypothalamus. This review will cover these topics and suggest that strategies to maintain sirtuin activity may be on the horizon to forestall diseases of aging.read more
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Acetyl Coenzyme A: A Central Metabolite and Second Messenger
TL;DR: By influencing the acetylation profile of several proteins, including histones, acetyl-CoA controls key cellular processes, including energy metabolism, mitosis, and autophagy, both directly and via the epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
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Slowing ageing by design: the rise of NAD+ and sirtuin-activating compounds.
TL;DR: The sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases with remarkable abilities to prevent diseases and even reverse aspects of ageing as discussed by the authors.
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Physiological and pathophysiological roles of NAMPT and NAD metabolism
TL;DR: NAMPT is able to modulate processes involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and related disorders by influencing the oxidative stress response, apoptosis, lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation and insulin resistance, and is an experimental target for antitumour therapies.
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The multifaceted functions of sirtuins in cancer
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of how sirtuins affect cancer metabolism, DNA repair and the tumour microenvironment are reviewed and how activating or inhibiting sirtUins may be important in preventing or treating cancer are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
SIRT5 Regulates both Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Protein Malonylation with Glycolysis as a Major Target
Yuya Nishida,Matthew J. Rardin,Chris Carrico,Wenjuan He,Alexandria K. Sahu,Philipp Gut,Rami Najjar,Mark Fitch,Marc K. Hellerstein,Bradford W. Gibson,Eric Verdin +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SIRT5 is a global regulator of lysine malonylation and provide a mechanism for regulation of energetic flux through glycolysis.
References
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Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan
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AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis
TL;DR: AMP-activated protein kinase conserves ATP levels through the regulation of processes other than metabolism, such as the cell cycle and neuronal membrane excitability.