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Targeting the sphingosine-1-phosphate axis in cancer, inflammation and beyond

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TLDR
The ways in which S1P might be therapeutically targeted are discussed — for example, via the development of chemical inhibitors that target the generation, transport and degradation of S 1P and via thedevelopment of specific S1p receptor agonists.
Abstract
The bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in multiple cellular signalling systems and has a pivotal role in the control of immune cell trafficking. As such, S1P has been implicated in disorders such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. This Review discusses the ways in which S1P might be therapeutically targeted — for example, via the development of chemical inhibitors that target the generation, transport and degradation of S1P and via the development of specific S1P receptor agonists. We also highlight recent conflicting results observed in preclinical studies targeting S1P and discuss ongoing clinical trials in this field.

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Novel Therapeutic Target(s) for Psoriatic Disease

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Proton-driven alternating access in a spinster lipid transporter

TL;DR: In this article , the authors employed an integrated approach in lipid membranes to identify unknown conformational states of a bacterial Spns from Hyphomonas neptunium (HnSpns) and to define its proton-and substrate-coupled conformational dynamics.
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Sphingolipidomics analysis of large clinical cohorts. Part 2: Potential impact and applications.

TL;DR: An overview of the functions of SLs is provided, and previous studies that have used mass spectrometry techniques to identify changes to the sphingolipidome in non-metabolic diseases are reviewed.
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The sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 inhibits cervical carcinoma cell growth.

TL;DR: It is suggested that ABC294640 might have translational value for the treatment of human cervical carcinoma and co-administration of the Bcl-2 inhibitor GDC-0199 further potentiated ABC29 4640's anti-tumor activity.
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Tissue biomarkers of drug efficacy: case studies using a MALDI-MSI workflow

TL;DR: A workflow combining high-resolution MALDI-MSI with on-tissue confirmation of targeted compounds using a structural library and on-Tissue enzymatic digestion strategy is described, which allows correlative tissue measurement of the effect of the drug on biomolecules in the targeted pathway.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

STATs in cancer inflammation and immunity: a leading role for STAT3

TL;DR: Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins are central in determining whether immune responses in the tumour microenvironment promote or inhibit cancer, and STAT3 is a promising target to redirect inflammation for cancer therapy.
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Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids

TL;DR: An understanding of the complex pathways of sphingolipid metabolism and the mechanisms that regulate lipid generation and lipid action is required to understand the mechanisms of cell growth, death, senescence, adhesion, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis and intracellular trafficking.
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The many roles of histone deacetylases in development and physiology: Implications for disease and therapy

TL;DR: In this article, the expression of many HDAC isoforms in eukaryotic cells raises questions about their possible specificity or redundancy, and whether they control global or specific programs of gene expression.
Journal Article

Heart-lung transplantation.

TL;DR: A broad overview of the various grounds upon which this difference is likely based and discuss recent advances in each area: 1) criteria for the selection of candidates and donors, 2) methods for ex-vivo preservation of donor organs, 3) technical execution of the operative procedure, and 4) prevention of postoperative infection as discussed by the authors.
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Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis Signaling Downstream of RIP3 Kinase

TL;DR: The identification of a small molecule called necrosulfonamide that specifically blocks necrosis downstream of RIP3 activation is reported, which implicate MLKL as a key mediator of necrosis signaling downstream of the kinase RIP3.
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