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Targeting the sphingosine-1-phosphate axis in cancer, inflammation and beyond

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TLDR
The ways in which S1P might be therapeutically targeted are discussed — for example, via the development of chemical inhibitors that target the generation, transport and degradation of S 1P and via thedevelopment of specific S1p receptor agonists.
Abstract
The bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in multiple cellular signalling systems and has a pivotal role in the control of immune cell trafficking. As such, S1P has been implicated in disorders such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. This Review discusses the ways in which S1P might be therapeutically targeted — for example, via the development of chemical inhibitors that target the generation, transport and degradation of S1P and via the development of specific S1P receptor agonists. We also highlight recent conflicting results observed in preclinical studies targeting S1P and discuss ongoing clinical trials in this field.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Entry of muscle satellite cells into the cell cycle requires sphingolipid signaling.

TL;DR: It is shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate induces satellite cells to enter the cell cycle and sphingolipid signaling is involved in the induction of proliferation in an adult stem cell and a key component of muscle regeneration.
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KRP-203, a Novel Synthetic Immunosuppressant, Prolongs Graft Survival and Attenuates Chronic Rejection in Rat Skin and Heart Allografts

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that KRP-203 prolonged skin and heart allograft survival and significantly attenuated chronic rejection and bradycardia as an adverse effect and offers considerable potential as a novel therapeutic immunosuppressant in patients with organ transplantation.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of gamma-aminophosphonates as potent, subtype-selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists and antagonists.

TL;DR: In vitro binding assays showed that the implementation of phosphonates as phosphate mimetics provided compounds with similar receptor binding affinities as compared to their phosphate precursors.
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Molecular basis of sphingosine kinase 1 substrate recognition and catalysis.

TL;DR: The crystal structures of human SphK1 in the apo form and in complexes with a substrate sphingosine-like lipid, ADP, and an inhibitor at 2.0-2.3-A resolution were presented in this paper.
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Differential Effects of Sphingosine 1–Phosphate Receptors on Airway and Vascular Barrier Function in the Murine Lung

TL;DR: It is determined that a direct intratracheal or intravenous administration of S1P, or a selective S1PR receptor (S1PR(1)) agonist (SEW-2871), produces highly concentration-dependent barrier-regulatory responses in the murine lung.
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