The penicillin-binding proteins: structure and role in peptidoglycan biosynthesis
TLDR
An overview of the content in PBPs of some bacteria is provided with an emphasis on comparing the biochemical properties of homologous PBPs (orthologues) belonging to different bacteria.Abstract:
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) have been scrutinized for over 40 years. Recent structural information on PBPs together with the ongoing long-term biochemical experimental investigations, and results from more recent techniques such as protein localization by green fluorescent protein-fusion immunofluorescence or double-hybrid assay, have brought our understanding of the last stages of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis to an outstanding level that allows a broad outlook on the properties of these enzymes. Details are emerging regarding the interaction between the peptidoglycan-synthesizing PBPs and the peptidoglycan, their mesh net-like product that surrounds and protects bacteria. This review focuses on the detailed structure of PBPs and their implication in peptidoglycan synthesis, maturation and recycling. An overview of the content in PBPs of some bacteria is provided with an emphasis on comparing the biochemical properties of homologous PBPs (orthologues) belonging to different bacteria.read more
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Mechanism of β-Lactam Action in Streptococcus pneumoniae: the Piperacillin Paradox
Jules Philippe,Benoit Gallet,Cécile Morlot,Dalia Denapaite,Regine Hakenbeck,Yuxin Chen,Thierry Vernet,André Zapun +7 more
TL;DR: A model of peptidoglycan assembly is proposed that accounts for the piperacillin paradox, by which this β-lactam selects primarily variants of PBP2b, whereas its most reactive target is P BP2x.
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A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for d-Ala-d-Lac: A key intermediate for vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-resistant enterococci
TL;DR: This study extends Marfey's derivatization-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to d-Ala-d-Lac and applies it to the quantitation of these metabolites in VRE, useful for the discovery, characterization, and refinement of new agents targeting vancomycin resistance in V RE.
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Expression of blaA underlies unexpected ampicillin-induced cell lysis of Shewanella oneidensis.
TL;DR: It is discovered that ampicillin has a significant impact on growth of S. oneidensis and it is demonstrated that penicillin binding protein 5 (PBP5), the most abundant low molecular weight PBP (LMW PBP), is the only one relevant to β-lactam resistance under the tested conditions.
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Growth Mode and Physiological State of Cells Prior to Biofilm Formation Affect Immune Evasion and Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus
Kirsi Savijoki,Ilkka Miettinen,Tuula A. Nyman,Maarit Kortesoja,Leena Hanski,Pekka Varmanen,Adyary Fallarero +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that S. aureus shapes its surfaceome in a growth mode-dependent manner to reach high levofloxacin tolerance (>200-times the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration), and that the phenotypic state of the cells prior to biofilm formation affects the immune-evasion and persistence-related traits of S.Aureus.
References
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Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications.
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TL;DR: In this paper, Serine Peptidases with a Ser/Lys Catalytic Dyad (SC) are described, as well as their relation to the Nodavirus Coat Protein.
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TL;DR: In several species examined, the fine structure of the peptidoglycan significantly varies with the growth conditions, and the different models for the architecture are discussed with respect to structural and physical parameters.
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Growth of the Stress-Bearing and Shape-Maintaining Murein Sacculus of Escherichia coli
TL;DR: A model is presented that postulates that maintenance of bacterial shape is achieved by the enzyme complex copying the preexisting murein sacculus that plays the role of a template.