Journal ArticleDOI
The region homologous to the X-chromosome inactivation centre has been disrupted in marsupial and monotreme mammals.
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TLDR
The region homologous to the human and mouse X-inactivation centre expanded in early mammals, and this unstable region was disrupted independently in marsupial and monotreme lineages, confirming the conclusion that non-eutherian mammals lack XIST.Abstract:
Marsupial, as well as eutherian, mammals are subject to X chromosome inactivation in the somatic cells of females, although the phenotype and the molecular mechanism differ in important respects. Monotreme mammals appear to subscribe at least to a form of dosage compensation of X-borne genes. An important question is whether inactivation in these non-eutherian mammals involves co-ordination by a control locus homologous to the XIST gene and neighbouring genes, which play a key regulatory role in human and mouse X inactivation. We mapped BACs containing several orthologues of protein-coding genes that flank human and mouse XIST and genes that lie in the homologous region in chicken and frog. We found that these genes map to two distant locations on the opossum X, and also to different locations on a platypus autosome. We failed to find any trace of an XIST orthologue in any marsupial or monotreme or on any flanking BAC, confirming the conclusion from recent work that non-eutherian mammals lack XIST. We propose the region homologous to the human and mouse X-inactivation centre expanded in early mammals, and this unstable region was disrupted independently in marsupial and monotreme lineages. In the eutherian lineage, inserted and existing sequences provided the starting material for the non-translated RNAs of the X-inactivation centre, including XIST.read more
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Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences
Tarjei S. Mikkelsen,Tarjei S. Mikkelsen,Matthew Wakefield,Bronwen Aken,Chris T. Amemiya,Jean L. Chang,Shannon E. Duke,Manuel Garber,Andrew J. Gentles,Andrew J. Gentles,Leo Goodstadt,Andreas Heger,Jerzy Jurka,Michael Kamal,Evan Mauceli,Stephen M. J. Searle,Ted Sharpe,Michelle L. Baker,Mark A. Batzer,Panayiotis V. Benos,Katherine Belov,Michele Clamp,April Cook,James Cuff,Radhika Das,Lance S. Davidow,Janine E. Deakin,Melissa Fazzari,Jacob L. Glass,Manfred Grabherr,John M. Greally,Wanjun Gu,Timothy A. Hore,Gavin A. Huttley,Michael Kleber,Randy L. Jirtle,Edda Koina,Jeannie T. Lee,Shaun Mahony,Marco A. Marra,Robert D. Miller,Robert D. Nicholls,Mayumi Oda,Anthony T. Papenfuss,Zuly E. Parra,David D. Pollock,David A. Ray,Jacqueline E. Schein,Terence P. Speed,Katherine Thompson,John L. VandeBerg,Claire M. Wade,Claire M. Wade,Jerilyn A. Walker,Paul D. Waters,Caleb Webber,Jennifer R. Weidman,Xiaohui Xie,Michael C. Zody,Jennifer Baldwin,Amr Abdouelleil,Jamal Abdulkadir,Adal Abebe,Brikti Abera,Justin Abreu,St Christophe Acer,Lynne Aftuck,Allen Alexander,Peter An,Erica Anderson,Scott Anderson,Harindra Arachi,Marc Azer,Pasang Bachantsang,Andrew Barry,Tashi Bayul,Aaron M. Berlin,Daniel Bessette,Toby Bloom,Jason Blye,Leonid Boguslavskiy,Claude Bonnet,Boris Boukhgalter,Imane Bourzgui,Adam Brown,Patrick Cahill,Sheridon Channer,Yama Cheshatsang,Lisa Chuda,Mieke Citroen,Alville Collymore,Patrick Cooke,Maura Costello,Katie D'Aco,Riza M. Daza,Georgius De Haan,Stuart DeGray,Christina Demaso,Norbu Dhargay,Kimberly Dooley,Erin E. Dooley,Missole Doricent,Passang Dorje,Kunsang Dorjee,Alan Dupes,Richard Elong,Jill Falk,Abderrahim Farina,Susan Faro,Diallo Ferguson,Sheila Fisher,Chelsea D. Foley,Alicia Franke,Dennis C. Friedrich,Loryn Gadbois,Gary Gearin,Christina R. Gearin,Georgia Giannoukos,Tina Goode,Joseph Graham,Edward Grandbois,Sharleen Grewal,Kunsang Gyaltsen,Nabil Hafez,Birhane Hagos,Jennifer L. Hall,Charlotte Henson,Andrew Hollinger,Tracey Honan,Monika D. Huard,Leanne Hughes,Brian Hurhula,M. Erii Husby,Asha Kamat,Ben Kanga,Seva Kashin,Dmitry Khazanovich,Peter Kisner,Krista Lance,Marcia Lara,William Lee,Niall J. Lennon,Frances Letendre,Rosie Levine,Alex Lipovsky,Xiaohong Liu,Jinlei Liu,Shangtao Liu,Tashi Lokyitsang,Yeshi Lokyitsang,Rakela Lubonja,Annie Lui,Pen MacDonald,Vasilia Magnisalis,Kebede Maru,Charles Matthews,William McCusker,Susan McDonough,Teena Mehta,James Meldrim,Louis Meneus,Oana Mihai,Atanas Mihalev,Tanya Mihova,Rachel Mittelman,Valentine Mlenga,Anna Montmayeur,Leonidas Mulrain,Adam Navidi,Jerome Naylor,Tamrat Negash,Thu Nguyen,Nga Nguyen,Robert Nicol,Choe Norbu,Nyima Norbu,Nathaniel Novod,Barry O'Neill,Sahal Osman,Eva Markiewicz,Otero L. Oyono,Christopher Patti,Pema Phunkhang,Fritz Pierre,Margaret Priest,Sujaa Raghuraman,Filip Rege,Rebecca Reyes,Cecil Rise,Peter Rogov,Keenan Ross,Elizabeth P. Ryan,Sampath Settipalli,Terry Shea,Ngawang Sherpa,Lu Shi,Diana Shih,Todd Sparrow,Jessica Spaulding,John Stalker,Nicole Stange-Thomann,Sharon Stavropoulos,Catherine Stone,Christopher Strader,Senait Tesfaye,Talene Thomson,Yama Thoulutsang,Dawa Thoulutsang,Kerri Topham,Ira Topping,Tsamla Tsamla,Helen Vassiliev,Andy Vo,Tsering Wangchuk,Tsering Wangdi,Michael Weiand,Jane Wilkinson,Adam Wilson,Shailendra Yadav,Geneva Young,Qing Yu,Lisa Zembek,Danni Zhong,Andrew Zimmer,Zac Zwirko,David B. Jaffe,Pablo Alvarez,William Brockman,Jonathan Butler,Chee Whye Chin,Sante Gnerre,Iain MacCallum,Jennifer A. Marshall Graves,Chris P. Ponting,Matthew Breen,Paul B. Samollow,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh +238 more
TL;DR: A high-quality draft of the genome sequence of the grey, short-tailed opossum is reported, indicating a strong influence of biased gene conversion on nucleotide sequence composition, and a relationship between chromosomal characteristics and X chromosome inactivation.
Journal ArticleDOI
X chromosome dosage compensation: how mammals keep the balance
Bernhard Payer,Jeannie T. Lee +1 more
TL;DR: Various facets of the ever-expanding field of mammalian dosage compensation are reviewed and its evolutionary, developmental, and mechanistic components are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The long noncoding RNA, Jpx, is a molecular switch for X chromosome inactivation.
TL;DR: It is concluded that Xist is controlled by two RNA-based switches: Tsix for Xa and Jpx for Xi, indicating an antagonistic relationship between the ncRNAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bird-like sex chromosomes of platypus imply recent origin of mammal sex chromosomes
Frédéric Veyrunes,Paul D. Waters,Pat Miethke,Willem Rens,Daniel McMillan,Amber E. Alsop,Frank Grützner,Janine E. Deakin,Camilla M. Whittington,Kyriena Schatzkamer,Colin Kremitzki,Tina Graves,Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith,Wes Warren,Jennifer A. Marshall Graves +14 more
TL;DR: In other amniotes (reptiles and birds), sex is determined by a variety of different mechanisms that belong in two broad classes: genetic or environmental, although recent data show that some species combine both (Quinn et al. 2007) as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chromosomal gene movements reflect the recent origin and biology of therian sex chromosomes.
Lukasz Potrzebowski,Nicolas Vinckenbosch,Ana C. Marques,Frédéric Chalmel,Bernard Jégou,Henrik Kaessmann +5 more
TL;DR: This study substantiates and extends the hypothesis that autosomal retrogenes functionally compensate for the silencing of their X-linked housekeeping parental genes during, but also after, male meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), and provides strong independent support for the recent notion that the authors' sex chromosomes emerged not in the common ancestor of all mammals, but rather in the therian ancestor, and therefore are much younger than previously thought.
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