The Role of Innate Leukocytes during Influenza Virus Infection
TLDR
Different anti-influenza virus schemes of innate immune cells are addressed and how these cells fine-tune the balance between immunoprotection and immunopathology during IAV infection is addressed.Abstract:
Influenza virus infection is a serious threat to humans and animals, with the potential to cause severe pneumonia and death. Annual vaccination strategies are a mainstay to prevent complications related to influenza. However, protection from the emerging subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAV) even in vaccinated individuals is challenging. Innate immune cells are the first cells to respond to IAV infection in the respiratory tract. Virus replication-induced production of cytokines from airway epithelium recruits innate immune cells to the site of infection. These leukocytes, namely, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and γδ T cells, become activated in response to IAV, to contain the virus and protect the airway epithelium while triggering the adaptive arm of the immune system. This review addresses different anti-influenza virus schemes of innate immune cells and how these cells fine-tune the balance between immunoprotection and immunopathology during IAV infection. Detailed understanding on how these innate responders execute anti-influenza activity will help to identify novel therapeutic targets to halt IAV replication and associated immunopathology.read more
Citations
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COVID-19 and Neutrophils: The Relationship between Hyperinflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
TL;DR: How the neutrophil's role could influence COVID-19 symptoms in the interaction between hyperinflammation (overproduction of NETs and cytokines) and the clearance function of neutrophils to eliminate the viral infection is discussed.
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Multi-omic profiling reveals widespread dysregulation of innate immunity and hematopoiesis in COVID-19.
Aaron J. Wilk,Madeline J. Lee,Bei Wei,Benjamin Parks,Ruoxi Pi,Giovanny J Martínez-Colón,Thanmayi Ranganath,Nancy Q. Zhao,Shalina Taylor,Winston R. Becker,Stanford Covid Biobank,David Jimenez-Morales,Andra L. Blomkalns,Ruth O'Hara,Euan A. Ashley,Kari C. Nadeau,Samuel Yang,Susan Holmes,Marlene Rabinovitch,Angela J. Rogers,William J. Greenleaf,Catherine A. Blish +21 more
TL;DR: Single-cell profiling demonstrates multifarious dysregulation of innate immune phenotype associated with COVID-19 severity, which is associated with hyperactivation of neutrophils and NK cells, while monocytes take on tolerogenic phenotypes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal immunity of non-survivors with COVID-19: predictors for mortality.
Yang Zhao,Hanxiang Nie,Ke Hu,Xiaojun Wu,Yunting Zhang,Mengmei Wang,Tao Wang,Zhishui Zheng,Xiaochen Li,Shaolin Zeng +9 more
TL;DR: The clinical characteristics and abnormal immunity of the confirmed COVID-19 non-survivors, including significantly older than survivors, and the immunity-related risk factors associated with in-hospital death were tested.
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Clinical features in 52 patients with COVID-19 who have increased leukocyte count: a retrospective analysis.
Kaochang Zhao,Ruiyun Li,Xiaojun Wu,Yang Zhao,Tao Wang,Zhishui Zheng,Shaolin Zeng,Xuhong Ding,Hanxiang Nie +8 more
TL;DR: The older patients with COVID-19 who had underlying chronic disorders are more likely to develop leukocytosis, with a high admission to an ICU and a high mortality rate.
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Respiratory Barrier as a Safeguard and Regulator of Defense Against Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Kim S. LeMessurier,Meenakshi Tiwary,Meenakshi Tiwary,Nicholas P. Morin,Amali E. Samarasinghe,Amali E. Samarasinghe +5 more
TL;DR: The host-pathogen interactions during influenza and post-influenza bacterial pneumonia are outlined with a focus on inter- and intra-cellular crosstalk important in pulmonary immune responses.
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