Journal ArticleDOI
The structure, biosynthesis and functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and the contributions of trypanosome research
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Apart from providing stable membrane anchorage, GPI anchors have been implicated in the sequestration of GPI-anchored proteins into specialised membrane microdomains, known as lipid rafts, and in signal transduction events.Abstract:
The discovery of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchors has had a significant impact on several areas of eukaryote cell biology. Studies of the African trypanosome, which expresses a dense surface coat of GPI-anchored variant surface glycoprotein, have played important roles in establishing the general structure of GPI membrane anchors and in delineating the pathway of GPI biosynthesis. The major cell-surface molecules of related parasites are also rich in GPI-anchored glycoproteins and/or GPI-related glycophospholipids, and differences in substrate specificity between enzymes of trypanosomal and mammalian GPI biosynthesis may have potential for the development of anti-parasite therapies. Apart from providing stable membrane anchorage, GPI anchors have been implicated in the sequestration of GPI-anchored proteins into specialised membrane microdomains, known as lipid rafts, and in signal transduction events.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological Roles of Glycans
TL;DR: It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences, as they are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life, simply more rapidly evolving and complex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid Rafts: Elusive or Illusive?
TL;DR: There has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that the plasma membrane contains lipid "rafts," microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and it seems that a definitive proof of raft existence has yet to be obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein glycosylation: nature, distribution, enzymatic formation, and disease implications of glycopeptide bonds
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to describe the glycopeptide linkages that have been found to date and specify their presence on well-characterized glycoproteins and with a number of human disease states in which defects in enzymatic transfer of saccharides to protein have been implicated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall.
Shaun M. Bowman,Stephen J. Free +1 more
TL;DR: There is strong evidence that the chitin, glucans and glycoproteins are covalently cross‐linked together and that the cross‐linking is a dynamic process that occurs extracellularly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glycosylation in health and disease.
TL;DR: The broad role of glycans in immunity, cancer, xenotransplantation and glomerular filtration and the potential of ‘glycomedicine’ are discussed.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional rafts in cell membranes
Kai Simons,Elina Ikonen +1 more
TL;DR: A new aspect of cell membrane structure is presented, based on the dynamic clustering of sphingolipids and cholesterol to form rafts that move within the fluid bilayer that function as platforms for the attachment of proteins when membranes are moved around inside the cell and during signal transduction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sorting of GPI-anchored proteins to glycolipid-enriched membrane subdomains during transport to the apical cell surface
Deborah A. Brown,John K. Rose +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a protein with a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor can be recovered from lysates of epithelial cells in a low density, detergent-insoluble form, supporting the model proposed by Simons and colleagues for sorting of certain membrane proteins to the apical surface after intracellular association with glycosphingolipids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid sorting in epithelial cells.
Kai Simons,G. van Meer +1 more
TL;DR: Lipid biochemistry has remained a fairly esoteric branch of molecular cell biology, but this situation is now gradually changing with the discovery of phosphoinositide involvement in signal transduction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-like receptor-2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular signalling
Ruey-Bing Yang,Melanie R. Mark,Alane M. Gray,Arthur J Huang,Ming Hong Xie,Min Zhang,Audrey Goddard,William I. Wood,Austin L. Gurney,Paul J. Godowski +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a signalling receptor that is activated by LPS in a response that depends on LPS-binding protein and is enhanced by CD14, and that TLR2 is a direct mediator of signalling by L PS.
Journal ArticleDOI
GPI-anchored proteins are organized in submicron domains at the cell surface
Rajat Varma,Satyajit Mayor +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that lipid-linked proteins are organized in cholesterol-dependent submicron-sized domains, which are likely to be less than 70 nm in diameter and are disrupted by removal of cellular cholesterol.