Tumor extracellular vesicles drive metastasis (it's a long way from home).
Shima Ghoroghi,Benjamin Mary,Nandini Asokan,Jacky G. Goetz,Vincent Hyenne +4 more
- Vol. 3, Iss: 11, pp 930-943
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TLDR
The journey of extracellular vesicles from the primary tumor to the future metastatic organ, with a focus on the mechanisms used by EVs to target organs with a specific tropism (i.e., organotropism), and the formation of a pro‐inflammatory and immuno‐tolerant microenvironment is described.Abstract:
Among a plethora of functions, extracellular vesicles released by primary tumors spread in the organism and reach distant organs where they can induce the formation of a premetastatic niche. This constitutes a favorable microenvironment for circulating tumor cells which facilitates their seeding and colonization. In this review, we describe the journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the primary tumor to the future metastatic organ, with a focus on the mechanisms used by EVs to target organs with a specific tropism (i.e., organotropism). We then highlight important tumor EV cargos in the context of premetastatic niche formation and summarize their known effects on extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, vessel permeabilization, resident cell activation, recruitment of foreign cells, and ultimately the formation of a pro-inflammatory and immuno-tolerant microenvironment. Finally, we discuss current experimental limitations and remaining opened questions in light of metastatic diagnosis and potential therapies targeting PMN formation.read more
Citations
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Circulating tumor cells: Towards mechanical phenotyping of metastasis
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the importance of CTC mechanics and their correlation with metastatic success and how such development could lead to the identification of therapeutically relevant targets.
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Circulating extracellular vesicles and tumor cells: sticky partners in metastasis.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the central role of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) that are present on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and CTs, as well as their endothelial ligands, in dictating their arrest site and their capacity to exit the vasculature.
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The Role of Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focused on MALAT1, a marker of serious pathological changes and a factor in the promotion of tumorigenesis, RCAT1 (tumour promoter in RCC), DUXAP9 (a plausible marker of localized ccRCC), TCL6 (exerting tumour-suppressive effects in renal cancer), LINC00342 (acting as an oncogene), AGAP2 Antisense1 (plausible predictor of RCC progression), DLEU2 (factor promoting tumours growth via the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition), NNT-AS1 (sponge of miR-22 contributing to tumour progression), lnc-LSG1 (a factor that may stimulate CCRCC metastasis).
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Engineering complexity in human tissue models of cancer.
Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard,Ilaria Baldassarri,Daniel Naveed Tavakol,Pamela L. Graney,Maria Samaritano,Elisa Cimetta,Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic +6 more
TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in developing and using the human tissue models in cancer research and developmental drug screening can be found in this paper , where the main classes of models providing different levels of biological fidelity and complexity, discuss their advantages and limitations, and propose a framework for designing an appropriate model for a given study.
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From Promise to Reality: Bioengineering Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles
Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta,Pedro P Gonçalves,Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer,Joaquim M. S. Cabral,Nuno Bernardes,Cláudia Lobato da Silva +5 more
TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of great attention over the last decade, considering their promising application as next-generation therapeutics as mentioned in this paper , considering their ability to shuttle messages between cells.
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