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Pre-metastatic Niche Formation in Different Organs Induced by Tumor Extracellular Vesicles.

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TLDR
The pre-metastatic niche (PMN) as discussed by the authors is characterized by increased vascular permeability, extracellular matrix remodeling, bone marrow-derived cells recruitment, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression.
Abstract
Primary tumors selectively modify the microenvironment of distant organs such as the lung, liver, brain, bone marrow, and lymph nodes to facilitate metastasis. This supportive metastatic microenvironment in distant organs was termed the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) that is characterized by increased vascular permeability, extracellular matrix remodeling, bone marrow-derived cells recruitment, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived membranous structures that carry various functional molecules. EVs play a critical role in PMN formation by delivering their cargos to recipient cells in target organs. We provide an overview of the characteristics of the PMN in different organs promoted by cancer EVs and the underlying mechanisms in this review.

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Journal ArticleDOI

The Functional Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cancer

TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarize the current state of understanding how the composition and structure of extracellular matrix changes during cancer progression and describe the functional role of key proteins, especially tenascin C and fibronectin, and signaling molecules involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment.
Journal ArticleDOI

The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth.

TL;DR: The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes diverse immune cell types, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and various additional tissue-resident cell types as discussed by the authors .
Journal ArticleDOI

The role of extracellular vesicles in the transfer of drug resistance competences to cancer cells.

TL;DR: In this paper , the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the horizontal transfer of drug resistance in cancer is discussed and the possible mechanisms involved in drug sequestration by EVs, likely to contribute to cancer drug resistance, are also described and discussed.
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Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the impact of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) therapy strategies based on a meta-analysis of clinical studies and possible therapeutic strategies for repression when standard methods fail, such as the administration of low-toxicity natural anticancer agents targeting these phenomena (curcumin and flavonoids).
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Acidic and Hypoxic Microenvironment in Melanoma: Impact of Tumour Exosomes on Disease Progression

TL;DR: The role of exosomes in the intercellular crosstalk has been generally addressed, but less studied in acidic and hypoxic conditions as discussed by the authors, where the role played by melanoma-derived exosome (Mexo) under these conditions is summarized.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells

TL;DR: It is shown that exosomes contain both mRNA and microRNA, which can be delivered to another cell, and can be functional in this new location, and it is proposed that this RNA is called “exosomal shuttle RNA” (esRNA).
Journal ArticleDOI

Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the characterization of EVs and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function.
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Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) : a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Clotilde Théry, +417 more
TL;DR: The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities, and a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Journal ArticleDOI

Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles.

TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles are now considered as an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles

TL;DR: Exosomes were described as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes in the 1980s as discussed by the authors, and their biogenesis, their secretion, and their subsequent fate are discussed, as their functions rely on these important processes.
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