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Urine in Clinical Proteomics

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TLDR
Urine has evolved as one of the most attractive body fluids in clinical proteomics with potentially a rapid application in the clinic with potentially an era of validation of urinary biomarkers in larger prospective studies.
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This article is published in Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.The article was published on 2008-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 382 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biomarker discovery & Proteomics.

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Citations
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Protein Analysis by Shotgun/Bottom-up Proteomics

TL;DR: The progress of proteomics has been driven by the development of new technologies for peptide/protein separation, mass spectrometry analysis, isotope labeling for quantification, and bioinformatics data analysis.
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An update on primary hyperoxaluria

TL;DR: The autosomal recessive inherited primary hyperoxalurias types I, II and III are caused by defects in glyoxylate metabolism that lead to the endogenous overproduction of oxalate, which results in recurrent urolithiasis and/or progressive nephrocalcinosis.
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Proteomic identification of exosomal LRG1: a potential urinary biomarker for detecting NSCLC.

TL;DR: The results suggested that leucine‐rich α‐2‐glycoprotein (LRG1) may be a candidate biomarker for non‐invasive diagnosis of NSCLC in urine.
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Quantitative analysis of the intra- and inter-individual variability of the normal urinary proteome.

TL;DR: Determination of the normal fluctuation of individual urinary proteins should be useful in establishing significance thresholds in biomarker studies and allowed definition of a common and abundant set of 500 proteins that were readily detectable in all studied individuals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing

TL;DR: In this paper, a different approach to problems of multiple significance testing is presented, which calls for controlling the expected proportion of falsely rejected hypotheses -the false discovery rate, which is equivalent to the FWER when all hypotheses are true but is smaller otherwise.
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The Human Plasma Proteome History, Character, and Diagnostic Prospects

TL;DR: This work speculates on the reasons behind this large discrepancy between the expectations arising from proteomics and the realities of clinical diagnostics and suggests approaches by which protein-disease associations may be more effectively translated into diagnostic tools in the future.
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Resampling-Based Multiple Testing: Examples and Methods for p-Value Adjustment.

TL;DR: Resampling-Based Adjustments: Basic Concepts and Practical Applications.
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Identifying differentially expressed genes using false discovery rate controlling procedures

TL;DR: Three resampling-based FDR controlling procedures are presented, that account for the test statistics distribution, and their performance is compared to that of the naïve application of the linear step-up procedure in Benjamini and Hochberg (1995), and the highest power is achieved, at the expense of a more sophisticated algorithm, by the resamplings-based procedures that resample the joint distribution of the testStatistics and estimate the level of FDR control.
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Protein biomarker discovery and validation: the long and uncertain path to clinical utility.

TL;DR: Better understanding of the overall process of biomarker discovery and validation and of the challenges and strategies inherent in each phase should improve experimental study design, in turn increasing the efficiency of biomarkers development and facilitating the delivery and deployment of novel clinical tests.
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