Women and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
TLDR
There is no magic bullet and behavior alone is unlikely to change the course of the epidemic, but substantial progress has been made in biomedical, behavioral and structural strategies for HIV prevention with attendant challenges of developing appropriate HIV prevention packages which take into consideration the socioeconomic and cultural context of women in society at large.Abstract:
Thirty years since the discovery of HIV, the HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than two thirds of the world’s HIV infections. Southern Africa remains the region most severely affected by the epidemic. Women continue to bear the brunt of the epidemic with young women infected almost ten years earlier compared to their male counterparts. Epidemiological evidence suggests unacceptably high HIV prevalence and incidence rates among women. A multitude of factors increase women’s vulnerability to HIV acquisition, including, biological, behavioral, socioeconomic, cultural and structural risks. There is no magic bullet and behavior alone is unlikely to change the course of the epidemic. Considerable progress has been made in biomedical, behavioral and structural strategies for HIV prevention with attendant challenges of developing appropriate HIV prevention packages which take into consideration the socioeconomic and cultural context of women in society at large.read more
Citations
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Estimating risk factors for HIV infection among women in Mozambique using population-based survey data
Sara S. Dias,Francisco Mbofana,Sheyla R Cassy,Sónia Dias,Gonçalo Figueiredo Augusto,Victor Agadjanian,Maria do Rosário Oliveira Martins +6 more
TL;DR: Data from the HIV Prevalence and Behaviour Survey in Mozambique is analysed to find risk factors associated with HIV infection among Mozambican women and results show that women aged 25–29 years,living in female-headed households, living in richer households and those widowed, divorced or not living with a partner have higher odds of being HIV-positive.
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An SAMT-247 Microbicide Provides Potent Protection against Intravaginal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Rhesus Macaques, whereas an Added Vaccine Component Elicits Mixed Outcomes.
Sabrina Helmold Hait,Christopher James Hogge,Mohammad Arif Rahman,Eun-Ju Ko,Ruth Hunegnaw,Zuena Mushtaq,Gospel Enyindah-Asonye,Tanya Hoang,Lisa M. Miller Jenkins,Ettore Appella,Daniel H. Appella,Marjorie Robert-Guroff +11 more
TL;DR: The potent protection provided by SAMT-247 encourages its movement into human clinical trials and was not attributed to a vaccine-induced increase in SIV target cells.
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Human Rights, Gender, and Infectious Disease: From HIV/AIDS to Ebola
TL;DR: The recent Ebola outbreak demonstrates once again that the promotion and protection of human rights inclusive of a gender perspective should underpin all interventions from the outset so as to more effectively respond to Ebola and all public health crises as discussed by the authors.
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Residence and young women's comprehensive HIV knowledge in Ethiopia.
Biruk Beletew Abate,Ayelign Mengesha Kassie,Melese Abate Reta,Melese Abate Reta,Gillian H. Ice,Zelalem T. Haile +5 more
TL;DR: Rural residence was negatively associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge only in women who have never been tested for HIV, and the development and implementation HIV education and awareness programs should target rural areas, especially where there is limited access to HIV testing.
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Empowerment as a Predictor of HIV Testing Among Married Women in Nepal.
TL;DR: Age, education, and wealth were independent factors determining the women's HIV testing approach and this study can be a guide for interventions and policies to empower women and encourage HIV testing in Nepal.
References
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TL;DR: The exciting evidence generated by this paper – that antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 infection definitively reduces the risk of onward transmission of the virus by 96% – was rightly dubbed Science magazine's ‘Breakthrough of the Year’ in 2011.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women.
Jared M. Baeten,Deborah Donnell,Deborah Donnell,Patrick Ndase,Nelly Mugo,Nelly Mugo,James D. Campbell,Jonathan Wangisi,Jordan W. Tappero,Elizabeth A. Bukusi,Craig R. Cohen,Elly Katabira,Allan R. Ronald,Allan R. Ronald,Elioda Tumwesigye,Edwin Were,Kenneth H. Fife,James Kiarie,James Kiarie,Carey Farquhar,Grace John-Stewart,Aloysious Kakia,Josephine Odoyo,Akasiima Mucunguzi,Edith Nakku-Joloba,Rogers Twesigye,Kenneth Ngure,Cosmas Apaka,Harrison Tamooh,Fridah Gabona,Andrew Mujugira,Dana Panteleeff,Katherine K. Thomas,Lara Kidoguchi,Meighan Krows,Jennifer Revall,Susan Morrison,Harald S. Haugen,Mira Emmanuel-Ogier,Lisa Ondrejcek,Robert W. Coombs,Lisa M. Frenkel,Lisa M. Frenkel,Craig W. Hendrix,Namandjé N. Bumpus,David R. Bangsberg,Jessica E. Haberer,Wendy S. Stevens,Jairam R. Lingappa,Connie Celum +49 more
TL;DR: Oral TDF and TDF-FTC both protect against HIV-1 infection in heterosexual men and women, and both study medications significantly reduced the HIV- 1 incidence among both men andWomen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Gel, an Antiretroviral Microbicide, for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Women
Quarraisha Abdool Karim,Salim S. Abdool Karim,Salim S. Abdool Karim,Salim S. Abdool Karim,Janet A. Frohlich,Anneke Grobler,Cheryl Baxter,Leila E. Mansoor,Ayesha B. M. Kharsany,Sengeziwe Sibeko,Koleka Mlisana,Zaheen Omar,Tanuja N. Gengiah,Silvia Maarschalk,Natasha Arulappan,Mukelisiwe Mlotshwa,Lynn Morris,Douglas Taylor +17 more
TL;DR: Tenofovir in a vaginal gel formulation shows significant protection against HIV infection in a randomized control trial, and could potentially fill an important HIV prevention gap, especially for women unable to successfully negotiate mutual monogamy or condom use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women
Lut Van Damme,Amy Corneli,Khatija Ahmed,Johan Lombaard,Saidi Kapiga,Mookho Malahleha,Rachel Manongi,Jacob Onyango,Lucky Temu,Modie Constance Monedi,Mankalimeng Makanda,Lisa Saylor,Haddie Kiernan,Stella Kirkendale,Christina Wong,Robert M. Grant,Angela D. M. Kashuba,Kavita Nanda,Justin Mandala,Katrien Fransen,Jennifer Deese,Tania Crucitti,Timothy D Mastro,Douglas Taylor +23 more
TL;DR: Prophylaxis with TDF-FTC did not significantly reduce the rate of HIV infection and was associated with increased rates of side effects, as compared with placebo, and drug adherence appeared to be low.
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Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women.
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Michael C. Thigpen,Poloko Kebaabetswe,Lynn A. Paxton,Dawn K. Smith,Charles E. Rose,Tebogo M. Segolodi,Faith L. Henderson,Sonal R Pathak,Fatma A. Soud,Kata Chillag,Rodreck Mutanhaurwa,Lovemore Ian Chirwa,Michael Kasonde,Daniel Abebe,Evans Buliva,Roman Gvetadze,Sandra H. Johnson,Thom Sukalac,Vasavi Thomas,Clyde E. Hart,Jeffrey A. Johnson,C. Kevin Malotte,Craig W. Hendrix,John T. Brooks +23 more