Showing papers on "Antimony published in 2020"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a hydrothermal approach to deposit high-quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films and demonstrate that increasing the Se/S ratio leads to a favorable orientation of the (Sb4S(e)6)n ribbons.
Abstract: Antimony selenosulfide, Sb2(S,Se)3, has attracted attention over the last few years as a light-harvesting material for photovoltaic technology owing to its phase stability, earth abundancy and low toxicity. However, the lack of a suitable material processing approach to obtain Sb2(S,Se)3 films with optimal optoelectronic properties and morphology severely hampers prospects for efficiency improvement. Here we demonstrate a hydrothermal approach to deposit high-quality Sb2(S,Se)3 films. By varying the Se/S ratio and the temperature of the post-deposition annealing, we improve the film morphology, increase the grain size and reduce the number of defects. In particular, we find that increasing the Se/S ratio leads to a favourable orientation of the (Sb4S(e)6)n ribbons (S(e) represents S or Se). By optmizing the hydrothermal deposition parameters and subsequent annealing, we report a Sb2(S,Se)3 cell with a certified 10.0% efficiency. This result highlights the potential of Sb2(S,Se)3 as an emerging photovoltaic material. Antimony chalcogenides are emerging photovoltaic materials, yet difficulties in fabricating high-quality films limit device performance. We show that hydrothermal synthesis affords good morphology and reduced defects in antimony selenosulfide films, enabling solar cells with an efficiency of 10%.
272 citations
TL;DR: The operando X-ray diffraction investigation reveals a reversible potassiation/depotassiation reaction mechanism of bismuth-antimony alloy nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon matrix for the BiSb@C composite, which proposes a reasonable design of high-performance alloy-based anodes in KIBs and promotes the practical use of K IBs in large-scale energy storage.
Abstract: Antimony (Sb)-based anode materials have recently aroused great attention in potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), because of their high theoretical capacities and suitable potassium inserting potentials...
151 citations
TL;DR: Recently, antimony chalcogenide solar cells as mentioned in this paper have obtained considerable progress, with efficiency up to 7.5%, 9.2%, and 7.82%, respectively, and the efficienc...
Abstract: Recently, antimony chalcogenide solar cells including Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, and Sb2(S,Se)3 have obtained considerable progress, with efficiency up to 7.5%, 9.2%, and 7.82%, respectively, and the efficienc...
119 citations
TL;DR: This work synthesizes the first antimony(III) borate in closed system, namely SbB 3 O 6, which not only exhibits an exceptional linear optical response, but also has a strong nonlinear optical response that exceeds those of most borates.
Abstract: Antimony(III) borates with a stereochemical active lone pair remained unknown, although the first antimony borate was reported more than twenty years ago. Now, the first antimony(III) borate in a closed system is successfully synthesized, namely SbB3 O6 . Remarkably, SbB3 O6 not only exhibits an exceptional linear optical response, that is, birefringence of Δn=0.290 at the wavelength of 546 nm, which is the largest among borates, but also has a strong nonlinear optical response of 3.5 times larger than the benchmark KH2 PO4 , exceeding those of most borates. Theoretical calculations reveal that the coexistence of strong linear and nonlinear optical responses in SbB3 O6 should be attributable to the synergistic effect of π-conjugated B-O anionic groups and Sb3+ with stereochemically active lone pair. This work provides a new class of optical bi-functional materials with potential prospects in integrated optical devices.
111 citations
87 citations
67 citations
TL;DR: This work proposes a simple strategy to facilitate heterogeneous nucleation and control the dimension transformation by introducing bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI), which produces high-quality two-dimensional MA3Sb2I9-xClx films.
Abstract: Antimony
(Sb) has been identified as a promising candidate for replacing toxic
lead (Pb) in perovskite materials because Sb-based perovskite-like
halides exhibit not only intrinsic thermodynamic stability but also
a unique set of intriguing optoelectronic characteristics. However,
Sb-based perovskite-like halides still suffer from poor film morphology
and uncontrollable halide constituents, which result from the disorder
of the growth process. Herein, we propose a simple strategy to facilitate
heterogeneous nucleation and control the dimension transformation
by introducing bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI),
which produces high-quality two-dimensional MA3Sb2I9–xClx films. As the spacer molecule among Sb-based pyramidal clusters,
LiTFSI plays a role in forming a zero-dimensional intermediate phase
and retarding crystallization. The slower dimension transformation
well stabilizes the band gap of perovskite-like films with a fixed
Cl/I ratio (∼7:2) and avoids random “x” values in MA3Sb2I9–xClx films prepared from
the conventional method. Based on this method, Sb-based perovskite-like
solar cells (PLSCs) achieve the highest recorded power conversion
efficiency (PCE) of 3.34% and retain 90% of the initial PCE after
being stored under ambient conditions for over 1400 h. More importantly,
semitransparent Sb-based PLSCs with PCEs from 2.62 to 3.06% and average
visible transparencies from 42 to 23% are successfully obtained, which
indicates the great potential of the emerging Pb-free halide semiconductor
for broad photovoltaic applications.
62 citations
TL;DR: A method of Mn-coated biochar production showed great removal ability of trivalent antimony and pentavalentant antimony, and the adsorption capacity was stable under different pH.
57 citations
17 Feb 2020
TL;DR: The environmental mobility and bioavailability of antimony (Sb) are strongly influenced by sorption to Fe(III) oxide minerals, such as goethite (αFeOOH).
Abstract: The environmental mobility and bioavailability of antimony (Sb) are strongly influenced by sorption to Fe(III) oxide minerals, such as goethite (αFeOOH). Exposure to aqueous Fe(II), as occurs, for ...
57 citations
TL;DR: DFT calculations indicate that the Sb/Na-Ti3C2Tx anode effectively decreases the adsorption energy of K+ and accelerates potassiation process, and benefiting from the synergistic effect, it exhibits an outstanding specific capacity.
Abstract: Taking into consideration the advantages of the highly theoretical capacity of antimony (Sb) and abundant surface redox reaction sites of Na+ pre-intercalated 3D porous Ti3C2Tx (Na–Ti3C2Tx) archite...
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid adsorbent (MO-L-BC) was fabricated through dispersing manganese oxide (MO) inside a biochar with enlarged pore structure.
TL;DR: Antimony naturally evolves to form optimal nanostructures for alloy anodes, as it is shown through electrochemical experiments in a half-cell configuration in which 15-nm antimony nanocrystals have a consistently higher Coulombic efficiency than larger nanoparticles.
Abstract: High-capacity alloy anode materials for Li-ion batteries have long been held back by limited cyclability caused by the large volume changes during lithium insertion and removal. Hollow and yolk-shell nanostructures have been used to increase the cycling stability by providing an inner void space to accommodate volume changes and a mechanically and dimensionally stable outer surface. These materials, however, require complex synthesis procedures. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we show that sufficiently small antimony nanocrystals spontaneously form uniform voids on the removal of lithium, which are then reversibly filled and vacated during cycling. This behaviour is found to arise from a resilient native oxide layer that allows for an initial expansion during lithiation but mechanically prevents shrinkage as antimony forms voids during delithiation. We developed a chemomechanical model that explains these observations, and we demonstrate that this behaviour is size dependent. Thus, antimony naturally evolves to form optimal nanostructures for alloy anodes, as we show through electrochemical experiments in a half-cell configuration in which 15-nm antimony nanocrystals have a consistently higher Coulombic efficiency than larger nanoparticles. Sufficiently small antimony nanoparticles form uniform voids that are reversibly filled and vacated during cycling.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that microbial processes involved in the mobilization, oxidation, and transformation of antimony in minerals/rocks under ambient environmental conditions and offer new insights in biogeochemistry of Sb at mining areas.
TL;DR: Interestingly, the Sb immobilisation during waterlogging only occurred in Sb amended soils whereas the geogenic Sb was mobilised upon reducing conditions, although total dissolved Sb concentrations remained low (<10 nM).
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis and characterization of a novel hybrid nanofluid and its performance analysis on a parabolic trough direct absorption solar collector were discussed, where an optimized mass fraction of antimony tin oxide and surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, was obtained as 90.12%.
06 May 2020
TL;DR: A strategy for the efficient recovery of highly pure copper and antimony metals from electronic waste (e-waste) was implemented by the combination of hydrometallurgical and electrochemical processes, with a focus on copper recovery as the main component in the leached solution.
Abstract: A strategy for the efficient recovery of highly pure copper and antimony metals from electronic waste (e-waste) was implemented by the combination of hydrometallurgical and electrochemical processes. The focus is on copper recovery as the main component in the leached solution, whereas the antimony recovery process was established as a purification step in order to achieve a highly pure copper deposit. The strategy includes mechanical methods to reduce the size of the wasted printed circuit boards to enhance the efficiency of antimony and copper lixiviation via ferric chloride in acidic media (0.5 M HCl) followed by an electrowinning process. In order to establish the best parameters for copper electrowinning, the leached solution was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and cathodic polarization. Then, an electrochemical reactor with a rotating cylinder electrode was used to evaluate the copper concentration decay, the cathodic current efficiency, the specific energy consumption, and mass-transfer coefficient. Furthermore, antimony was recovered via precipitation by a pH modification in accordance with the Pourbaix diagram. Under this methodology, two valuable products from the e-waste were recovered: a 96 wt % pure copper deposit and 81 wt % pure antimony precipitate. The strategy for recovery of other metal ions, such as lead, present in the e-waste at high concentrations will be reported in further works.
TL;DR: This work shows that such a preferential vertical orientation arises from the sulfur deficit of the CdS surface which creates a beneficial bonding environment between exposed Cd2+ dangling bonds and S atoms in the Sb2S3 molecules.
Abstract: The one-dimensional photovoltaic absorber material Sb2S3 requires crystal orientation engineering to enable efficient carrier transport. In this work, we adopted a vapor transport deposition (VTD) ...
TL;DR: Mesoporous Co3O4@rGO nanocomposite is a potential candidate for antimony removal from waste water and its adsorption performance toward highly toxic antimony ions indicates that it is an excellent adsorbent forAntimony removal.
TL;DR: improve the understanding of As(V)/Sb(V) adsorption behavior in soil under different situations and would facilitate a comprehensive evaluation on the risk assessment of arsenic and antimony.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of sulfide-promoted Fe oxides on the mobility of antimony (Sb), a toxic metalloid of environmental concern, and found that Fe oxide sulfidization can have opposing effects on Sb mobility.
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis methods, some reactions, and specific features of the structures of aryl compounds of pentavalent antimony and examples of their possible use are systematized and described on the basis of an analysis of the works published since 2009 to the present time.
Abstract: The synthesis methods, some reactions, and specific features of the structures of aryl compounds of pentavalent antimony and examples of their possible use are systematized and described on the basis of an analysis of the works published since 2009 to the present time. Some earlier works are also reviewed due to this special significance. When discussing the synthesis methods, the main attention is given to the most efficient approaches to the syntheses of the aryl compounds, for example, the reactions of ligand redistribution, substitution, and oxidative addition. The formation of heterocyclic antimony compounds is considered. The data on the biological and catalytic activities of selected antimony derivatives are presented. The bibliography consists of 318 references.
01 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the speciation and fate of As and Sb in the presence of indigenous microbiota in sediments during multiple oxic-anoxic cycles and found that As was released under anoxic conditions whereas Sb was mobilized during oxic cycles in all samples.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new process of antimony enrichment with water leaching, twice alkali recovery with CO2, selenium recovery with acidification and arsenic recovery with SO2 reduction and evaporation concentration was proposed to dispose arsenic-alkali residue.
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous speciation and mineralogy of antimony (Sb) in waters and tailings at Beaver Brook antimony deposit have been analyzed to understand Sb mobility during the initial stages of stibnite weathering in a near-surface environment.
TL;DR: Bismuth and antimony-based materials, such as A3M2X9 and AMSX2 (A = cation, M = Bi, Sb, S = sulfur, X = halogen), are promising candidates as the counterpart to lead halide perovskite as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Bismuth- and antimony-based materials, such as A3M2X9 and AMSX2 (A = cation, M = Bi, Sb, S = sulfur, X = halogen), are promising candidates as the counterpart to lead halide perovskite. However, th...
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent advances in this context is highlighted with the aid of illustrative examples, and the structure-optical property relationships are further emphasized, as well as the present challenges and future prospects of smart hybrid antimony and bismuth(III) halides are also demonstrated.
Abstract: Main group metal ions antimony(III) and bismuth(III) with external electron shell of s2 configuration belong to the so-called mercury-like ions. Recently, luminescent antimony(III) and bismuth(III) hybrid halide compounds have aroused great research interest. In particular, the aggregation/crystallization induced emission in hybrid antimony(III) and bismuth(III) halides endows them with molecular packing dependent emissive properties. As a result, they exhibit great potential for achieving reversible phase transformations and switchable photoluminescence (PL) under external stimuli. In this review article, recent advances in this context are highlighted with the aid of illustrative examples, and the structure–optical property relationships are further emphasized. The present challenges and future prospects of smart hybrid antimony(III) and bismuth(III) halides are also demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this paper, micrometer-sized few-to-multilayered sheets of Sb and Sb2 Te3 have been obtained by electrochemical exfoliation, where the layered rhombohedral Sb was exfoliated in Na2 SO4 and Li2 SO 4 electrolytes by anodic-cationic intercalation, and the layered Sb 2 Te3 was removed in Na 2 SO4.
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) layered antimony (Sb) and antimony telluride (Sb2 Te3 ) are two valuable materials for optoelectronic devices and thermoelectric applications. Preparing high-quality sheets of these materials is the initial phase to promote their expected issues. Herein, micrometer-sized few-to-multilayered sheets of Sb and Sb2 Te3 have been obtained by electrochemical exfoliation. The layered rhombohedral Sb was exfoliated in Na2 SO4 and Li2 SO4 electrolytes by anodic-cationic intercalation, and Sb2 Te3 was exfoliated in Na2 SO4 . These findings are important contributions for the solution-based room-temperature electrochemical exfoliation, which is stable under glove-box-free conditions, to further improve the production of high-quality exfoliated sheets.