Showing papers on "Dibutyl phthalate published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the leaching behavior of phthalate plasticizer from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics, in aqueous solutions relevant to aquatic and soil environments.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the combined toxicity of concentrations of polystyrene NPs and various phthalate esters (PAEs), some of the most common plasticizers, including dibutyl phthalates (DBP) and di-(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on human lung epithelial A549 cells were investigated.
58 citations
TL;DR: New insights for food safety related to DBP fate and toxicity under PE stress are provided and purple lettuce was more sensitive to exogenous pollutants than green lettuce.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of polystyrene (PS) microplastics on vegetables are investigated in a hydroponic system and the results clearly indicated that PS reduced the bioavailability of DBP while causing a decrease in the photosynthetic parameters as well as the total chorophyll content compared to DBP alone.
41 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that DBP and DEHP exposure at least partially activated the NOD2-RIP2-NF-κB signal pathway in grass carp hepatocytes, and caused inflammation and apoptosis, and new views on the use of plasticizer are put forward: select low toxicity plasticizers, then reduce the types of plasticizers used and reduce the high toxicity level of mixed plasticizers.
40 citations
TL;DR: Ecotoxicological risk assessment showed that PCPs, plasticizers, and OPFRs pose a high ecotoxic risk to lives of aquatic organisms (risk quotients, RQ > 1).
38 citations
TL;DR: This study assessed the toxicity of DBP in grass carp hepatocytes and provided a theoretical and research basis for the in vivo study of animal models in the future and showed that TAX alleviates DBP-induced apoptosis in grass carpet hepatocytes through oxidative stress and inflammation, and TAX pretreatment and simultaneous treatment exhibited specific effects.
32 citations
TL;DR: This study was the first to show that the combined effect of the two PAEs promotes a ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway-induced pancreatic β cell apoptosis that is significantly higher than the effects of each PAE.
30 citations
Abstract: A comprehensive review was performed on the environmental fate, environmental occurrence, toxicity, physical–chemical properties, abiotic and biotic removal and degradation of phthalate esters (PAEs) to compute the overall phthalate exposure and their impact on human beings. The removal and degradation of these wide spread pollutants by abiotic processes such as hydrolysis and photodecomposition are very slow and insignificant. On the other hand, the breakdown of PAEs by microorganisms is considered to be one of the major routes of environmental degradation for these widespread pollutants. Numerous microbial strains have been reported to degrade these compounds under aerobic, anaerobic and facultative conditions. Concurrently, the environmental fate, transport and transformation/degradation of these compounds under natural conditions are highly dependent on their physical and chemical properties. In order to understand the relationship between the concentrations of PAEs of different environmental compartments and human exposure prospects, a novel average phthalate pollution index (PPI) and cumulative phthalate exposure index (PEI) were proposed using the multivariate analysis approach. These indices were computed on the basis of relative importance, environmental occurrence, toxicity, physical–chemical properties, abiotic and biotic removal and degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and diethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP). At present, the average PPI and cumulative PEI of 29 countries were evaluated using the concentrations of PAEs reported in the literature. These indices signify the overall phthalate pollution, human exposure and their interrelation. According to the index, Slovakia, Canada, Taiwan, Sweden and South Africa are among the top five countries in terms of cumulative phthalate exposure as per the existing data. The exposure percentage of total PAEs significantly varies between 23 and 44% since many environmental compartments are not directly exposed to human beings and they are degraded under natural conditions.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Pseudarthrobacter defluvii E5 was isolated from agricultural soils and showed efficient PAEs-degradation and -mineralization abilities for five PAEs, and encouraging PAEs tolerance and bioavailable range for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP) (0.25-1200 mg/L).
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the occurrence and distribution of 15 phthalate esters (PAEs) in seawater and sediment from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) were investigated for the first time to improve understanding on the contamination status of PAEs in this region.
TL;DR: In this article, the level and key sources of pollution by phthalates in some Eastern European countries and to reveal the successful managerial actions to minimize PAEs taken by Denmark for comparison.
Abstract: Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as raw materials for industries that are well known for their environmental contamination and toxicological effects as “endocrine disruptors”. The determining of PAE contamination was based on analysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in wastewater and sediment samples collected from city sewer systems of Lithuania and Poland, and Denmark for comparison. The potential PAE sources as well as their concentrations in the wastewater were analyzed and discussed. The intention of the study was to determine the level and key sources of pollution by phthalates in some Eastern European countries and to reveal the successful managerial actions to minimize PAEs taken by Denmark. Water and sludge samples were collected in 2019–2020 and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The highest contamination with phthalates in Lithuania can be attributed to DEHP: up to 63% of total PAEs in water samples and up to 94% of total PAEs in sludge samples, which are primarily used as additive compounds to plastics but do not react with them and are gradually released into the environment. However, in water samples in Poland, the highest concentration belonged to DMP—up to 210 μg/L, while the share of DEHP reached 15 μg/L. The concentrations of priority phthalate esters in the water samples reached up to 159 μg/L (DEHP) in Lithuania and up to 1.2 μg/L (DEHP) in Denmark. The biggest DEHP concentrations obtained in the sediment samples were 95 mg/kg in Lithuania and up to 6.6 mg/kg in Denmark. The dominant compounds of PAEs in water samples of Lithuania were DEHP > DEP > DiBP > DBP > DMP. DPP and DCHP concentrations were less than 0.05 μg/L. However, the distribution of PAEs in the water samples from Poland was as follows: DMP > DEHP > DEP > DBP, and DiBP, as well as DPP and DCHP, concentrations were less than 0.05 μg/L. Further studies are recommended for adequate monitoring of phthalates in wastewater and sludge in order to reduce or/and predict phthalates’ potential risk to hydrobiots and human health.
TL;DR: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results revealed that the tentative PAEs degradation pathway, included the transformation from PAEs to phthalic acid (PA) and the complete mineralization of PA.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of amphiphilic magnetic adsorbents (denoted as Fe3O4-GPS-A) is fabricated by functionalization of the Fe3 o4 surface with six different silanizing agents that are specifically tailor-made to the chemical structure of PAEs.
TL;DR: It can be stated that due to the low average of total phthalate esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages, there is no serious health hazard of these compounds for humans.
Abstract: Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are compounds that are used in the bottle as the main plasticizers. Therefore, the possibility of releasing phthalate esters into beverages is very high and there is a concern to consumer health and monitoring organizations. The aim of this research was to assess the phthalic acid esters (di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(di-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and total PAEs) in bottled non-alcoholic malt beverages (n = 120) by multi-walled carbon nanotubes were magnetized with iron (MWCNT-Fe3O4) using gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the highest and the lowest levels of total phthalate esters in samples were 9483.93 and 2412.50 ng/L, respectively. The mean of DEHP which has also been found to be carcinogenic in all samples was lower than 5944.73 ng/L. The highest concentration of DEHP in four samples was upper than 8957.87 ng/L. Perceived limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 13 to 30 ng/L and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 39 to 90 ng/L. Multivariate techniques and heat map visualization were used to assess the correlation among the type and levels of PAEs with the brand, color, product date, pH, sugar, volume, and gas pressure. Therefore, based on heat map and principal component analysis (PCA) results, the DEHP and total PAEs were the closest accessions, indicating that these variables had similar trends. Based on the results, it can be stated that due to the low average of total phthalate esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages, there is no serious health hazard of these compounds for humans.
TL;DR: It is indicated that PAEs exposure can induce developmental toxicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as well as activate BER pathway in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that B ER pathway might play critical roles in PAEs-induced oxidative stress through repairing oxidative DNA damage.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was designed to investigate single and combined cardio-toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate and bisphenol-A and the possible interventional role of rutin.
TL;DR: It is clearly demonstrated that DBP shows anti-androgenic effects; however, there are also reports confirming its weak estrogenic effect, which is an important fact because of the widespread environmental exposure to DBP.
Abstract: Over the past years, many legitimate concerns have been raised about the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as an endocrine disruptor, especially on reproduction. The aim of this publication is to critically review the literature related to the developmental and reproductive toxicity of DBP in animals. Several electronic databases were systematically searched until 2019. Studies were qualified for the review if they: linked exposure to DPB with reproduction, were published in English after 1990, and were conducted on animals. In the studies of the testicular effects of DBP on experimental animals, the most common effects of exposure included reduced fertility, atrophic changes in male gonads, degenerative changes in the epididymis, as well as a reduction in sperm count and motility, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor sperm quality and other genital defects (decreased testicular weight, delayed spermatogenesis, Leydig cell aggregation, impaired Sertoli cell maturation, and significant inhibitions of testicular enzymes). The embryotoxic effects of DBP on laboratory animals included mainly an increase in fetal resorption and a decrease in live births. The teratogenic effects of DBP also manifest as skeletal malformations in fetuses, malformations of male gonads and other genital effects. On the basis of the literature data, it is clearly demonstrated that DBP shows anti-androgenic effects; however, there are also reports confirming its weak estrogenic effect. Additionally, lower doses cause more adverse effects than the highest dose, which is an important fact because of the widespread environmental exposure to DBP. The studies clearly confirm that DBP is an endocrine disruptor. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(1):15-37.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalates (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA) co-exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as ability of multi-strained probiotic to reduce DEHP, DBP and BPA mixture-induced oxidative damage in rat pancreas.
TL;DR: The above properties make Acinetobacter sp.
Abstract: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers used in various applications. Due to its toxic effects on the organisms, it has been classified as the highest priority pollutant. It has been observed that DBP can leach out from the landfill and other related sites. This plasticizer ultimately reaches the soil, entering the food chain. Although phthalate esters biodegradation have been reported for different bacteria. But bacteria from the genus Acinetobacter have various advantages as compared to others. They are much more efficient in removal of organic pollutants from the contaminated environments. Therefore, Acinetobacter sp.33F have been selected in the study. This study is focused on DBP biodegradation kinetics by Acinetobacter sp.33F in pristine agricultural soils. The study also compared the results with DBP biodegradation kinetics in minimal media. Biodegradation kinetics studies were performed at 100–2000 mg/L. To model DBP biodegradation kinetics, non-linear models were used. Monod paradigm was used to explain DBP degradation kinetics in minimal medium. The observed values for μ max and K s were 0.0083 (mg/L/h) and 30.57 mg/L. Non-linear Haldane inhibition model was used to explain DBP degradation kinetics in the agricultural soils. μ max , K s , and K i were 0.02008 ± 0.002 (mg/L/h), 176.5 ± 2.3 mg/L and 433.7 ± 3.0 mg/L. This study also demonstrated that Acinetobacter sp.33F could utilize diethyl phthalate (DEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-octyl phthalate (DIOP), and di-decyl phthalate (DIDP) as sole carbon source. The above properties make Acinetobacter sp. 33F a promising candidate for phthalate esters removal from the contaminated agricultural sites.
TL;DR: Solid evidence that bacterial communities adjust their interactions to adapt to DBP stress is provided and new insight is provided into the prediction of microbes that are cooperative with degrading bacteria.
TL;DR: In this paper, a molecular imprinting layer (Fe(II)-MOFs@MIP was modified with enrichment and specific recognition for removing dibutyl phthalate (DBP) using sulfate radicals.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of parental co-exposure to Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP) on early development of zebrafish offspring were explored.
TL;DR: Results demonstrated more pronounced testicular toxicity of the MIX group (desquamated germinal epithelium cells, enlarged cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, multinucleated cell forms and intracytoplasmic vacuoles) in comparison with the single substances, while effects on redox status parameters were either more prominent, or present only in the Mix group.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of short-term exposure (90 min) to various concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 500 min) of this phthalate mixture on several important sperm processes, oocyte fertilization, and embryo production were assessed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) consisting of L-menthol and acetic acid in a 1:1 molar ratio has been applied as extraction solvent for the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of the floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) of a group of nine phthalic acid esters.
TL;DR: Phthalate concentration in the renovated rooms after 7 months of their usage dropped by 84% in relation to PAEs concentration in newly arranged rooms and by 68% in connection to the phthalate Concentration in empty rooms.
Abstract: Phthalate esters (PAEs) are endocrine disrupters and can disrupt the functioning of different hormones, causing adverse effects on human health. Due to the potential exposure to phthalates in office rooms, their concentrations in the air of these premises after their renovation and furnishing were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the content of these compounds in the gas phase and adsorbed on the particles. Thus, the combined sampler with filters and adsorption tube was used for air sampling. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The gas fraction was dominated by dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and the inhalable fraction by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2-(diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The total concentration of phthalates in the respirable fraction in the furnished rooms was as much as 92% of the phthalates determined in the inhalable fraction. In the rooms immediately after renovation and those arranged and used by employees for 7 months, their concentration in the respirable fraction did not exceed 25% of the phthalates in the inhalable fraction. Phthalate concentration in the renovated rooms after 7 months of their usage dropped by 84% in relation to PAEs concentration in newly arranged rooms and by 68% in relation to the phthalate concentration in empty rooms.
TL;DR: Novel insights are offered into potential strategies for decreasing PAEs bioavailability in soil, with potential positive implications for crop quality and environmental health improvements.
02 Jan 2021
TL;DR: The molecular surface imprinted graft copolymer of metal-organic framework MOF-5 with methacrylic acid was prepared by free radical polymerization with dibutyl phthalate as the template molecule.
Abstract: The molecular surface imprinted graft copolymer of metal-organic framework MOF-5 with methacrylic acid were prepared by free radical polymerization with dibutyl phthalate as the template molecule u...
TL;DR: In this article, the competitive adsorption of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP) on corncob biochar (fresh and oxidized) was investigated, and experiments of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were conducted.