Showing papers on "Dissipative system published in 2010"

Regular and Chaotic Dynamics

Abstract: This book treats nonlinear dynamics in both Hamiltonian and dissipative systems. The emphasis is on the mechanics for generating chaotic motion, methods of calculating the transitions from regular to chaotic motion, and the dynamical and statistical properties of the dynamics when it is chaotic. The book is intended as a self consistent treatment of the subject at the graduate level and as a reference for scientists already working in the field. It emphasizes both methods of calculation and results. It is accessible to physicists and engineers without training in modern mathematics. The new edition brings the subject matter in a rapidly expanding field up to date, and has greatly expanded the treatment of dissipative dynamics to include most important subjects. It can be used as a graduate text for a two semester course covering both Hamiltonian and dissipative dynamics.

Drift diffusion equations with fractional diffusion and the quasi-geostrophic equation

Abstract: Motivated by the critical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation, we prove that drift-diffusion equations with L 2 initial data and minimal assumptions on the drift are locally Holder continuous. As an application we show that solutions of the quasi-geostrophic equation with initial L 2 data and critical diffusion (-Δ) 1/2 are locally smooth for any space dimension.

Quantum Fisher information flow and non-Markovian processes of open systems

Abstract: We establish an information-theoretic approach for quantitatively characterizing the non-Markovianity of open quantum processes. Here, the quantum Fisher information (QFI) flow provides a measure to statistically distinguish Markovian and non-Markovian processes. A basic relation between the QFI flow and non-Markovianity is unveiled for quantum dynamics of open systems. For a class of time-local master equations, the exactly analytic solution shows that for each fixed time the QFI flow is decomposed into additive subflows according to different dissipative channels.

Elegant Chaos: Algebraically Simple Chaotic Flows

Abstract: Fundamentals Periodically Forced Systems Autonomous Dissipative Systems Autonomous Conservative Systems Low-Dimensional Systems (D 3) Infinite-Dimensional Systems Chaotic Electrical Circuits.

Dynamical Phase Transitions and Instabilities in Open Atomic Many-Body Systems

Abstract: We discuss an open driven-dissipative many-body system, in which the competition of unitary Hamiltonian and dissipative Liouvillian dynamics leads to a nonequilibrium phase transition. It shares features of a quantum phase transition in that it is interaction driven, and of a classical phase transition, in that the ordered phase is continuously connected to a thermal state. We characterize the phase diagram and the critical behavior at the phase transition approached as a function of time. We find a novel fluctuation induced dynamical instability, which occurs at long wavelength as a consequence of a subtle dissipative renormalization effect on the speed of sound.

Efficient energy transfer in light-harvesting systems, I: optimal temperature, reorganization energy and spatial–temporal correlations

Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms of efficient and robust energy transfer in light-harvesting systems provides new insights for the optimal design of artificial systems. In this paper, we use the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein complex and phycocyanin 645 (PC 645) to explore the general dependence on physical parameters that help maximize the efficiency and maintain its stability. With the Haken-Strobl model, the maximal energy transfer efficiency (ETE) is achieved under an intermediate optimal value of dephasing rate. To avoid the infinite temperature assumption in the Haken-Strobl model and the failure of the Redfield equation in predicting the Forster rate behavior, we use the generalized Bloch-Redfield (GBR) equation approach to correctly describe dissipative exciton dynamics, and we find that maximal ETE can be achieved under various physical conditions, including temperature, reorganization energy and spatial-temporal correlations in noise. We also identify regimes of reorganization energy where the ETE changes monotonically with temperature or spatial correlation and therefore cannot be optimized with respect to these two variables.

Hysteresis phenomena and multipulse formation of a dissipative system in a passively mode-locked fiber laser

Abstract: A model describing the dissipative soliton evolution in a passively mode-locked fiber laser is proposed by using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique and the spectral filtering effect. It is numerically found that the laser alternately evolves on the stable and unstable mode-locking states as a function of the pump strength. Numerical simulations show that the passively mode-locked fiber lasers with large net normal dispersion can operate on multiple pulse behavior and hysteresis phenomena. The experimental observations confirm the theoretical predictions. The theoretical and experimental results achieved are qualitatively distinct from those observed in net-anomalous-dispersion conventional-soliton fiber lasers.

Dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics: a new way to derive the equations of motion from kinetic theory.

Abstract: We rederive the equations of motion of dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics from kinetic theory. In contrast with the derivation of Israel and Stewart, which considered the second moment of the Boltzmann equation to obtain equations of motion for the dissipative currents, we directly use the latter's definition. Although the equations of motion obtained via the two approaches are formally identical, the coefficients are different. We show that, for the one-dimensional scaling expansion, our method is in better agreement with the solution obtained from the Boltzmann equation.

Crystal surfaces in and out of equilibrium: A modern view

Abstract: The last two decades of progress in the theory of crystal surfaces in and out of equilibrium is reviewed. Various instabilities that occur during growth and sublimation, or that are caused by elasticity, electromigration, etc., are addressed. For several geometries and nonequilibrium circumstances, a systematic derivation provides various continuum nonlinear evolution equations for driven stepped (or vicinal) surfaces. The resulting equations are sometimes different from the phenomenological equations derived from symmetry arguments such as those of Kardar, Parisi, and Zhang. Some of the evolution equations are met in other nonlinear dissipative systems, while others remain unrevealed. The novel and original classes of equations are referred to as ``nonstandard.'' This nonstandard form suggests nontrivial dynamics, where phenomenology and symmetries, often used to infer evolution equations, fail to produce the correct form. This review focuses on step meandering and bunching, which are the two main forms of instabilities encountered on vicinal surfaces. Standard and nonstandard evolution scenarios are presented using a combination of physical arguments, symmetries, and systematic analysis. Other features, such as kinematic waves, some aspect of nucleation, and results of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are also presented. The current state of experiments and confrontation with theories are discussed. Challenging open issues raised by recent progress, which constitute essential future lines of inquiries, are outlined.

Singular extremals for the time-optimal control of dissipative spin 1/2 particles.

Abstract: We consider the time-optimal control by magnetic fields of a spin 1/2 particle in a dissipative environment. This system is used as an illustrative example to show the role of singular extremals in the control of quantum systems. We analyze a simple case where the control law is explicitly determined. We experimentally implement the optimal control using techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of singular extremals in quantum systems with bounded control amplitudes.

Nonequilibrium dynamics of bosonic atoms in optical lattices: Decoherence of many-body states due to spontaneous emission

Abstract: We analyze in detail the heating of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice due to incoherent scattering of light from the lasers forming the lattice. Because atoms scattered into higher bands do not thermalize on the time scale of typical experiments, this process cannot be described by the total energy increase in the system alone (which is determined by single-particle effects). The heating instead involves an important interplay between the atomic physics of the heating process and the many-body physics of the state. We characterize the effects on many-body states for various system parameters, where we observe important differences in the heating for strongly and weakly interacting regimes, as well as a strong dependence on the sign of the laser detuning from the excited atomic state. We compute heating rates and changes to characteristic correlation functions based on both perturbation-theory calculations and a time-dependent calculation of the dissipative many-body dynamics. The latter is made possible for one-dimensional systems by combining time-dependent density-matrix-renormalization-group methods with quantum trajectory techniques.

Factorization for non-symmetric operators and exponential H-theorem

Abstract: We present an abstract method for deriving decay estimates on the resolvents and semigroups of non-symmetric operators in Banach spaces in terms of estimates in another smaller reference Banach space. This applies to a class of operators writing as a regularizing part, plus a dissipative part. The core of the method is a high-order quantitative factorization argument on the resolvents and semigroups. We then apply this approach to the Fokker-Planck equation, to the kinetic Fokker- Planck equation in the torus, and to the linearized Boltzmann equation in the torus. We finally use this information on the linearized Boltzmann semi- group to study perturbative solutions for the nonlinear Boltzmann equation. We introduce a non-symmetric energy method to prove nonlinear stability in this context in $L^1_v L^\infty _x (1 + |v|^k)$, $k > 2$, with sharp rate of decay in time. As a consequence of these results we obtain the first constructive proof of exponential decay, with sharp rate, towards global equilibrium for the full nonlinear Boltzmann equation for hard spheres, conditionally to some smoothness and (polynomial) moment estimates. This improves the result in [32] where polynomial rates at any order were obtained, and solves the conjecture raised in [91, 29, 86] about the optimal decay rate of the relative entropy in the H-theorem.

Self-organization without conservation: are neuronal avalanches generically critical?

Abstract: Recent experiments on cortical neural networks have revealed the existence of well-defined avalanches of electrical activity. Such avalanches have been claimed to be generically scale invariant?i.e.?power law distributed?with many exciting implications in neuroscience. Recently, a self-organized model has been proposed by Levina, Herrmann and Geisel to explain this empirical finding. Given that (i) neural dynamics is dissipative and (ii) there is a loading mechanism progressively 'charging' the background synaptic strength, this model/dynamics is very similar in spirit to forest-fire and earthquake models, archetypical examples of non-conserving self-organization, which have recently been shown to lack true criticality. Here we show that cortical neural networks obeying (i) and (ii) are not generically critical; unless parameters are fine-tuned, their dynamics is either subcritical or supercritical, even if the pseudo-critical region is relatively broad. This conclusion seems to be in agreement with the most recent experimental observations. The main implication of our work is that, if future experimental research on cortical networks were to support the observation that truly critical avalanches are the norm and not the exception, then one should look for more elaborate (adaptive/evolutionary) explanations, beyond simple self-organization, to account for this.

Does stability of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics imply causality

Abstract: We investigate the causality and stability of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics in the absence of conserved charges. We perform a linear stability analysis in the rest frame of the fluid and find that the equations of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics are always stable. We then perform a linear stability analysis in a Lorentz-boosted frame. Provided that the ratio of the relaxation time for the shear stress tensor {tau}{sub {pi}}to the sound attenuation length {Gamma}{sub s}=4{eta}/3({epsilon}+P) fulfills a certain asymptotic causality condition, the equations of motion give rise to stable solutions. Although the group velocity associated with perturbations may exceed the velocity of light in a certain finite range of wave numbers, we demonstrate that this does not violate causality, as long as the asymptotic causality condition is fulfilled. Finally, we compute the characteristic velocities and show that they remain below the velocity of light if the ratio {tau}{sub {pi}/{Gamma}s} fulfills the asymptotic causality condition.

A simple framework to justify linear response theory

Abstract: The use of linear response theory for forced dissipative stochastic dynamical systems through the fluctuation dissipation theorem is an attractive way to study climate change systematically among other applications. Here, a mathematically rigorous justification of linear response theory for forced dissipative stochastic dynamical systems is developed. The main results are formulated in an abstract setting and apply to suitable systems, in finite and infinite dimensions, that are of interest in climate change science and other applications.

Instabilities, Chaos and Turbulence

Abstract: Introduction and Overview First Steps in Nonlinear Dynamics Life and Death of Dissipative Structures Nonlinear Dynamics: From Simple to Complex Applications of the Chaos Concept Nonlinear Dynamics of Patterns Open Flows Instability and Transition Developed Turbulence Summary and Perspectives.

Theory for a dissipative droplet soliton excited by a spin torque nanocontact

Abstract: A distinct type of solitary wave is predicted to form in spin torque oscillators when the free layer has a sufficiently large perpendicular anisotropy. In this structure, which is a dissipative version of the conservative droplet soliton originally studied in 1977 by Ivanov and Kosevich, spin torque counteracts the damping that would otherwise destroy the mode. Asymptotic methods are used to derive conditions on perpendicular anisotropy strength and applied current under which a dissipative droplet can be nucleated and sustained. Numerical methods are used to confirm the stability of the droplet against various perturbations that are likely in experiments, including tilting of the applied field, nonzero spin torque asymmetry, and nontrivial Oersted fields. Under certain conditions, the droplet experiences a drift instability in which it propagates away from the nanocontact and is then destroyed by damping.

Dense inclined flows of inelastic spheres: tests of an extension of kinetic theory

Abstract: Using the results of recent numerical simulations, we extend an existing kinetic theory for dense flows of identical, nearly elastic, frictionless spheres to identical, very dissipative, frictional spheres. The existing theory incorporates an additional length scale in the expression for the collisional rate of dissipation; this length scale is identified with the size of a cluster of correlated particles. Parameters of the theory for very dissipative, frictional spheres are set using the results of physical experiments on inclined flows of spheres over a rigid, bumpy base in the absence of sidewalls. The resulting theory is then tested against the results of physical experiments on flows of the same material over the surface of an erodible heap when frictional sidewalls are present.

On the stability of the shear–free condition

Abstract: The evolution equation for the shear is reobtained for a spherically symmetric anisotropic, viscous dissipative fluid distribution, which allows us to investigate conditions for the stability of the shear–free condition. The specific case of geodesic fluids is considered in detail, showing that the shear–free condition, in this particular case, may be unstable, the departure from the shear–free condition being controlled by the expansion scalar and a single scalar function defined in terms of the anisotropy of the pressure, the shear viscosity and the Weyl tensor or, alternatively, in terms of the anisotropy of the pressure, the dissipative variables and the energy density inhomogeneity.

Rates of decay to weak thermoelastic Bresse system

Abstract: We consider the Bresse system with temperature and we show that there exist exponential stability if and only if the wave propagation is equal. We show that, in general, the system is not exponentially stable but that there exists polynomial stability with rates that depend on the wave propagations and the regularity of the initial data. Moreover, we introduce a necessary condition to dissipative semi-group decay polynomially. This result allows us to show some optimality to the polynomial rate of decay.

Global Nonexistence for Nonlinear Kirchhoff Systems

Abstract: In this paper we consider the problem of non-continuation of solutions of dissipative nonlinear Kirchhoff systems, involving the p(x)-Laplacian operator and governed by nonlinear driving forces f = f (t, x, u), as well as nonlinear external damping terms Q = Q(t, x, u, u t ), both of which could significantly dependent on the time t. The theorems are obtained through the study of the natural energy Eu associated to the solutions u of the systems. Thanks to a new approach of the classical potential well and concavity methods, we show the nonexistence of global solutions, when the initial energy is controlled above by a critical value; that is, when the initial data belong to a specific region in the phase plane. Several consequences, interesting in applications, are given in particular subcases. The results are original also for the scalar standard wave equation when p ≡ 2 and even for problems linearly damped.

Signatures of the superfluid-insulator phase transition in laser-driven dissipative nonlinear cavity arrays

Abstract: We analyze the nonequilibrium dynamics of a gas of interacting photons in an array of coupled dissipative nonlinear cavities when driven by a pulsed external coherent field. Using a mean-field approach, we show that the response of the system is strongly sensitive to the underlying (equilibrium) quantum phase transition from a Mott insulator to a superfluid state at commensurate filling. We find that the coherence of the cavity emission after a quantum quench can be used to determine the phase diagram of an optical many-body system even in the presence of dissipation.

Dissipative solitons compounds in a fiber laser. Analogy with the states of the matter

Abstract: We investigate experimentally ordered and disordered pattern formation of solitons in a double-clad fiber laser. We point out an analogy between the different states of matter and the states of a set of dissipative solitons. In particular, we have identified a gas, a supersonic gas flow, a liquid, a polycrystal and a crystal of solitons. The different states are obtained only by adjustment of the intracavity phase plates.

The structure of infinite periodic and chaotic hub cascades in phase diagrams of simple autonomous flows

Abstract: This manuscript reports numerical investigations about the relative abundance and structure of chaotic phases in autonomous dissipative flows, i.e. in continuous-time dynamical systems described by sets of ordinary differential equations. In the first half, we consider flows containing "periodicity hubs", which are remarkable points responsible for organizing the dynamics regularly over wide parameter regions around them. We describe isolated hubs found in two forms of Rossler's equations and in Chua's circuit, as well as surprising infinite hub cascades that we found in a polynomial chemical flow with a cubic nonlinearity. Hub cascades converge orderly to accumulation points lying on specific parameter paths. In sharp contrast with familiar phenomena associated with unstable orbits, hubs and infinite hub cascades always involve stable periodic and chaotic orbits which are, therefore, directly measurable in experiments. In the last part, we consider flows having no hubs but unusual phase diagrams: a cubic...

On the stability of the shear-free condition

Abstract: The evolution equation for the shear is reobtained for a spherically symmetric anisotropic, viscous dissipative fluid distribution, which allows us to investigate conditions for the stability of the shear-free condition. The specific case of geodesic fluids is considered in detail, showing that the shear-free condition, in this particular case, may be unstable, the departure from the shear-free condition being controlled by the expansion scalar and a single scalar function defined in terms of the anisotropy of the pressure, the shear viscosity and the Weyl tensor or, alternatively, in terms of the anisotropy of the pressure, the dissipative variables and the energy density inhomogeneity.

Multistate electron transfer dynamics in the condensed phase: exact calculations from the reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach.

Abstract: Multiple displaced oscillators coupled to an Ohmic heat bath are used to describe electron transfer (ET) in a dissipative environment. By performing a canonical transformation, the model is reduced to a multilevel system coupled to a heat bath with the Brownian spectral distribution. A reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach is introduced for numerically rigorous simulation of the dynamics of the three-level system with various oscillator configurations, for different nonadiabatic coupling strengths and damping rates, and at different temperatures. The time evolution of the reduced density matrix elements illustrates the interplay of coherences between the electronic and vibrational states. The ET reaction rates, defined as a flux-flux correlation function, are calculated using the linear response of the system to an external perturbation as a function of activation energy. The results exhibit an asymmetric inverted parabolic profile in a small activation regime due to the presence of the intermediate state between the reactant and product states and a slowly decaying profile in a large activation energy regime, which arises from the quantum coherent transitions.

Area theorem and energy quantization for dissipative optical solitons.

Abstract: Soliton area theorems express the pulse energy as a function of the pulse shape and the system parameters. From an analytical solution to the cubic-quintic Ginzbug-Landau equation, we derive an area theorem for dissipative optical solitons. In contrast to area theorems for conservative optical solitons, the energy does not scale inversely with the pulse duration, and in addition there is an upper limit to the energy. Energy quantization explains the existence of, and conditions for, multiple-pulse solutions. The theoretical predictions are confirmed with numerical simulations and experiments in the context of dissipative soliton fiber lasers.

Granular Gas Dynamics

Abstract: Part I: Kinetic Theory.- Asymptotic Solutions of the Nonlinear Boltzmann Equation for Dissipative Systems.- The Homogeneous Cooling State Revisited.- The Inelastic Maxwell Model.- Cooling Granular Gases: The Role of Correlations in the Velocity Field.- Self-Similar Asymptotics for the Boltzmann Equation With Inelastic Interactions.- Kinetic Integrals in the Kinetic Theory of Dissipative Gases.- Kinetics of Fragmenting Freely Evolving Granular Gases.- Part II: Granular Hydrodynamics.- Shock Waves in Granular Gases.- Linearized Boltzmann Equation and Hydrodynamics for Granular Gases.- Development of a Density Invesion in Driven Granular Gases.- Kinetic Theory for Inertia Flows of Dilute Turbulent Gas-Solids Two-Phase Mixtures.- Part III: Driven Gases and Structure Formation.- Driven Granular Gases.- Van der Waals-Like Transition in Fluidized Granular Matter.- Birth and Sudden Death of Granular Cluster.- Vibrated Granular Media as Experimentally Realized Granular Gases.