Showing papers on "Orthorhombic crystal system published in 2008"

β phase and γ-β metal-insulator transition in multiferroic BiFeO3

Abstract: We report on extensive experimental studies on thin film, single crystal, and ceramics of multiferroic bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 using differential thermal analysis, high-temperature polarized light microscopy, high-temperature and polarized Raman spectroscopy, high-temperature x-ray diffraction, dc conductivity, optical absorption and reflectivity, and domain imaging, and show that epitaxial (001) thin films of BiFeO3 are clearly monoclinic at room temperature, in agreement with recent synchrotron studies but in disagreement with all other earlier reported results. We report an orthorhombic order-disorder beta phase between 820 and 925 (±5) °C, and establish the existence range of the cubic gamma phase between 925 (±5) and 933 (±5) °C, contrary to all recent reports. We also report the refined Bi2O3-Fe2O3 phase diagram. The phase transition sequence rhombohedral-orthorhombic-cubic in bulk [monoclinic-orthorhombic-cubic in (001)BiFeO3 thin film] differs distinctly from that of BaTiO3. The transition to the cubic gamma phase causes an abrupt collapse of the band gap toward zero (insulator-metal transition) at the orthorhombic-cubic beta-gamma transition around 930 °C. Our band structure models, high-temperature dc resistivity, and light absorption and reflectivity measurements are consistent with this metal-insulator transition.

Reinvestigation of Phase Transitions in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 by TEM. Part I: First Order Rhombohedral to Orthorhombic Phase Transition

Abstract: This study shows for the first time that the rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) is a two step phase transition. The transformation begins by a first order phase transition involving the reconstructive transformation of the rhombohedral phase into an orthorhombic one, through the formation of an intermediate modulated phase. This phase transition begins slightly over 200 °C by the disappearance of the ferroelectric−ferroelastic domains. The intermediate modulated phase is then formed from 230 to 300 °C, the temperature at which it disappears. The modulated phase corresponds to an intergrowth of rhombohedral perovskite blocks in which Pnma orthorhombic sheets are formed by a microtwinning process of the rhombohedral phase. The intermediate orthorhombic phase is then formed at 300 °C and immediately turns to the tetragonal one. A model is presented explaining the formation of the modulated phase and the origin of the antiferroelectric and relaxor behaviors of NBT.

Superconductivity and Crystal Structures of (Ba1−xKx)Fe2As2 (x=0–1)

Abstract: We report on doping dependencies of structural parameters and superconducting transition temperatures in the solid solution (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2. As the main effect of doping on the crystal structure, we find linear decreasing As-Fe-As bond angles and Fe-Fe distances, equivalent to an elongation of the FeAs4 tetrahedra along [001]. The structural changes are intimately coupled to the electronic states at the Fermi level, because the most relevant Fe-3dx2-y2 orbitals are strongly affected by the As-Fe-As bond angle. Superconductivity is present over the whole doping range in (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 with a maximum Tc of 38 K at x ~ 0.4. The superconducting transitions in the orthorhombic compounds (Ba0.9K0.1)Fe2As2 (Tc ~ 3 K) and (Ba0.8K0.2)Fe2As2 (Tc ~ 25 K) is strong evidence for the coexistence of superconductivity with the structurally distorted and potentially magnetically ordered state in the BaFe2As2 family of iron arsenide superconductors.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lanthanide Fluorides LnF3 (Ln = La to Lu) Nano-/Microcrystals with Multiform Structures and Morphologies

Abstract: Lanthanide fluoride LnF3 (Ln = La to Lu) nano-/microcrystals with multiform crystal structures (hexagonal and orthorhombic) and morphologies (separated elongated nanoparticles, aggregated nanoparticles, polyhedral microcrystals) were successfully synthesized by a facile, effective, and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the samples. The experimental results indicated that the use of NaBF4 is indispensable for obtaining LnF3 crystal structures. Furthermore, the organic additive trisodium citrate (Cit3-) has an obvious impact on the morphologies of the products to some degree. The possible formation mechanisms for LnF3 nano-/microcrystals are presented in detail. Additionally, we systematically investigated the luminescence properties of the LnF3:Eu3+ (Ln = La, Gd, and L...

Single-crystal to single-crystal structural transformation and photomagnetic properties of a porous iron(II) spin-crossover framework.

Abstract: The porous coordination framework material, Fe(NCS)2(bped)2·3EtOH, SCOF-3(Et) (where bped is dl-1,2-bis(4‘-pyridyl)-1,2-ethanediol), displays a spin-crossover (SCO) transition that has been stimulated both thermally and by light irradiation. The one-step thermal SCO (70−180 K) is sensitive to the presence of molecular guests, with a more gradual transition (70−225 K) apparent following the desorption of ethanol molecules that hydrogen bond to the spin centers. Additional intraframework hydrogen-bonding interactions stabilize the vacant one-dimensional pore structure of the apohost, SCOF-3, despite a dramatic single-crystal to single-crystal (SC−SC) structural change upon removal of the guests. Comprehensive structural analyses throughout this transformation, from primitive orthorhombic (Pccn) to body-centered tetragonal (I4/mcm), reveal a flexing of the framework and a dilation of the channels, with an accompanying subtle distortion of the iron(II) coordination geometry. Photomagnetic measurements of the ...

Structural and magnetic phase transitions in the ternary iron arsenides SrFe2As2 and EuFe2As2

Abstract: The structural and magnetic phase transitions of the ternary iron arsenides SrFe2As2 and EuFe2As2 were studied by temperature-dependent x-ray powder diffraction and 57Fe M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Both compounds crystallize in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure at room temperature and exhibit displacive structural transitions at 203?K (SrFe2As2) and 190?K (EuFe2As2), respectively, to orthorhombic lattice symmetry in agreement with the group?subgroup relationship between I4/mmm and Fmmm (?-SrRh2As2-type). 57Fe M?ssbauer spectroscopy experiments with SrFe2As2 show full hyperfine field splitting below the phase transition temperature (8.91(1)?T at 4.2?K). Order parameters were extracted from detailed measurements of the lattice parameters and fitted to a simple power law. We find a relation between the critical exponents and the transition temperatures for AFe2As2 compounds, which shows that the transition of BaFe2As2 is indeed more continuous than the transition of SrFe2As2, but it remains second order even in the latter case.

CaMn1−x NbxO3 (x ≤ 0.08) Perovskite-Type Phases As Promising New High-Temperature n-Type Thermoelectric Materials

Abstract: Perovskite-type CaMn1−xNbxO3±δ (x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08) compounds were synthesized by applying both a “chimie douce” (SC) synthesis and a classical solid state reaction (SSR) method. The crystallographic parameters of the resulting phases were determined from X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction data. The manganese oxidations states (Mn4+/Mn3+) were investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The orthorhombic CaMn1−xNbxO3±δ (x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08) phases were studied in terms of their high-temperature thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity). Differences in electrical transport and thermal properties can be correlated with different microstructures obtained by the two synthesis methods. In the high-temperature range, the electron-doped manganate phases exhibit large absolute Seebeck coefficient and low electrical resistivity values, resulting in a high power factor, PF (e.g., for x = 0.05, S1000K = −180 μV K −1, ρ1000K = 16.8 mΩ cm, a...

Raman Microspectrometry Study of Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation into Sputtered Crystalline V2O5 Thin Films

Abstract: Raman microspectrometry has been used to investigate the local structural changes induced by the electrochemical lithium intercalation reaction in crystalline sputtered V2O5 thin films in a liquid electrolyte. Contrary to usual composite electrodes made of a mixture of active material and conductive and binding agents, the use of a pure V2O5 thin film allows a homogeneous Li insertion in the material and a high quality of Raman signatures to be obtained. The Raman spectra of LixV2O5 compounds for 0 < x < 1 are examined as a function of the lithium content and discussed in relation with the X-ray diffraction data pertinent to these h00-oriented thin films and literature data. An assignment of all Raman bands is proposed, and the Raman fingerprint of the ϵ-type phase, whose interlayer distance continuously increases with x, is clearly evidenced all along the Li insertion process: lithium ions rapidly produce an orthorhombic ϵ phase characterized by a vanadyl stretching mode at 984 cm−1 for 0 < x < 0.5, and ...

Reinvestigation of Phase Transitions in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 by TEM. Part II: Second Order Orthorhombic to Tetragonal Phase Transition

Abstract: NBT presents an orthorhombic to tetragonal second order phase transition that occurs near 320 °C. It corresponds to the so-called antiferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. A model is presented in which the diffuse phase transition is achieved by the progressive canceling of the antiphase octahedra tilting prevailing within a - b + a - orthorhombic structure, whereas the in-phase tilting is maintained. This transformation gives finally rise to the a 0 a 0 c + octahedra tilting system of the tetragonal phase. Electron diffraction experiments show that a long-range ordering occurs within the tetragonal phase. It probably develops as P4 2 /mnm ordered nanoregions disseminated within a P4-/mbm disordered matrix. The order is still visible in the temperature domain of the cubic phase.

Piezoelectric properties of low-temperature sintered Li-modified (Na, K)NbO3 lead-free ceramics

Abstract: LiNbO3-doped (Na, K)NbO3 lead-free piezoceramics were prepared by conventional sintering at a temperature as low as 950 °C using excess Na2O additives. The crystal structure changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal with increasing LiNbO3 amount since the phase transition temperature TO−T shifted downward. In the region of two-phase coexistence, enhanced piezoelectric constant d33 (280 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factor kp (48.3%) with a high Curie temperature TC (475 °C) were obtained in the nominal composition 0.92(Na0.535K0.48)NbO3–0.08LiNbO3. Our results open up the way to low-temperature sintering of (Na, K)NbO3-based lead-free piezoceramics with high performance.

Correlation of Crystal Structures, Electronic Structures, and Photocatalytic Properties in a Series of Ag-based Oxides: AgAlO2, AgCrO2, and Ag2CrO4

Abstract: Three Ag-based oxides, AgAlO2, AgCrO2, and Ag2CrO4, were prepared by the cation exchange method Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that AgAlO2 and Ag2CrO4 crystallized in orthorhombic structures and AgCrO2 crystallized in a hexagonal structure The band gaps of AgAlO2, AgCrO2, and Ag2CrO4 were estimated to be 295, 168, and 175 eV, respectively The photooxidation of Methyl Orange and gaseous benzene were performed to test the activities of the three materials In the two kinds of reactions, the activity orders were both Ag2CrO4 > AgAlO2 > AgCrO2, and it was found that the novel photocatalyst, Ag2CrO4, showed activity in the visible region up to 570 nm The correlation among crystal structures, electronic structures, and photocatalytic properties in the three Ag-based oxides is discussed in detail

High-pressure synthesis of the cubic perovskite BaRuO3 and evolution of ferromagnetism in ARuO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) ruthenates.

Abstract: The cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) has been synthesized under 18 GPa at 1,000 degrees C. Rietveld refinement indicates that the new compound has a stretched Ru-O bond. The cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) remains metallic to 4 K and exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at T(c) = 60 K, which is significantly lower than the T(c) approximately = 160 K for SrRuO(3). The availability of cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) not only makes it possible to map out the evolution of magnetism in the whole series of ARuO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) as a function of the ionic size of the A-site r(A,) but also completes the polytypes of BaRuO(3). Extension of the plot of T(c) versus r(A) in perovskites ARuO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) shows that T(c) does not increase as the cubic structure is approached, but has a maximum for orthorhombic SrRuO(3). Suppressing T(c) by Ca and Ba doping in SrRuO(3) is distinguished by sharply different magnetic susceptibilities chi(T) of the paramagnetic phase. This distinction has been interpreted in the context of a Griffiths' phase on the (Ca Sr)RuO(3) side and bandwidth broadening on the (Sr,Ba)RuO(3) side.

Organic Phenolic Configurationally Locked Polyene Single Crystals for Electro-optic and Terahertz Wave Applications

Abstract: We investigate a configurationally locked polyene (CLP) crystal 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile (OH1) containing a phenolic electron donor, which also acts as a hydrogen bond donor. The OH1 crystals with orthorhombic space group Pna2 1 (point group mm2) exhibit large second-order nonlinear optical figures of merit, high thermal stability and very favorable crystal growth characteristics. Higher solubility in methanol and a larger temperature difference between the melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of OH1 compared to analogous CLP crystals, are of advantage for solution and melt crystal growth, respectively. Acentric bulk OH1 crystals of large sizes with side lengths of up to 1 cm with excellent optical quality have been successfully grown from methanol solution. The microscopic and macroscopic nonlinearities of the OH1 crystals are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The OH1 crystals exhibit a large macroscopic nonlinearity with four times larger powder second harmonic generation efficiency than that of analogous CLP crystals containing dimethylamino electron donor. A very high potential of OH1 crystals for broadband THz wave emitters in the full frequency range of 0.1-3 THz by optical rectification of 160 fs pulses has been demonstrated.

Polymorphic Tin Sulfide Thin Films of Zinc Blende and Orthorhombic Structures by Chemical Deposition

Abstract: Polycrystalline thin films (100-450 nm in thickness) of SnS formed from chemical baths of Sn(II) in acetic acid/HCl solution, triethanolamine, NH 3 (aq), and thioacetamide are polymorphic consisting of zinc blende (ZB) and orthorhombic (OR) structures The ZB structure for the SnS film, reported in this work for the first time, has a lattice constant a = 0579 nm and a direct (forbidden) bandgap of 17 eV, which is distinct from that of SnS(ZB), about 1 eV The electrical conductivity of SnS(ZB) is 6 X 10 -6 (Ω cm) -1 p-type, with activation energies for the conductivity of 05 eV at room temperature and 16 meV near 10 K When a SnS(ZB) film is heated in air at 500°C for 30 min, part of it transforms to SnO 2 and to SnS(OR); after 2 h 30 min at 550°C in air the film converts to transparent SnO 2 Such a film has a bandgap of 37 eV and electrical conductivity, ∼ 1 (Ω cm) -1 Photovoltaic effect in different structures involving these films is presented

Structural and magnetic phase transitions in the ternary iron arsenides SrFe2As2 and EuFe2As2

Abstract: The structural and magnetic phase transitions of the ternary iron arsenides SrFe2As2 and EuFe2As2 were studied by temperature-dependent x-ray powder diffraction and 57-Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy. Both compounds crystallize in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure at room temperature and exhibit displacive structural transitions at 203 K (SrFe2As2) or 190 K (EuFe2As2) to orthorhombic lattice symmetry in agreement with the group-subgroup relationship between I4/mmm and Fmmm. 57-Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy experiments with SrFe2 As2 show full hyperfine field splitting below the phase transition temperature (8.91(1) T at 4.2 K). Order parameters were extracted from detailed measurements of the lattice parameters and fitted to a simple power law. We find a relation between the critical exponents and the transition temperatures for AFe2As2 compounds, which shows that the transition of BaFe2As2 is indeed more continuous than the transition of SrFe2As2 but it remains second order even in the latter case.

Crystal structure and physical properties of half-doped manganite nanocrystals of less than 100-nm size

Abstract: In this paper we report the structural and property (magnetic and electrical transport) measurements of nanocrystals of half-doped La 05 Ca 05 MnO 3 (LCMO) synthesized by chemical route, having particle size down to an average diameter of 15 nm It was observed that the size reduction leads to change in crystal structure, and the room temperature structure is arrested so that the structure does not evolve on cooling unlike bulk samples The structural change mainly affects the orthorhombic distortion of the lattice By making comparison to observed crystal structure data under hydrostatic pressure, it is suggested that the change in the crystal structure of the nanocrystals occurs due to an effective hydrostatic pressure created by the surface pressure on size reduction This not only changes the structure but also causes the room temperature structure to freeze The size reduction also does not allow the long supercell modulation needed for the charge ordering, characteristic of this half-doped manganite, to set in The magnetic and transport measurements also show that the charge ordering (CO) does not occur when the size is reduced below a critical size Instead, the nanocrystals show ferromagnetic ordering down to the lowest temperatures along with metallic-type conductivity Our investigation establishes a structural basis for the destabilization of CO state observed in half-doped manganite nanocrystals

Simple, nitrogen-rich, energetic salts of 5-nitrotetrazole.

Abstract: A new family (ammonium, 1, hydrazinium, 2, guanidinium, 3, aminoguanidinium, 4, diamino-guanidinium, 5, and triaminoguanidinium, 6) of simple, nitrogen-rich energetic salts based on 5-nitro-2H-tetrazole (HNT) were synthesized. In addition, the hemihydrate of 1 (1a) and the hydrate of 6 (6a) were also isolated. In all cases, stable salts were obtained and fully characterized by vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy, multinuclear (1H, 13C and 14N) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray structure determination. Compounds 1and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c, 1a and 3 crystallize in C/2c, 4 in P21/n, 5 in P21, 6 in orthorhombic P212121, and 6a in triclinic P1. Initial safety testing (impact, friction, and electrostatic sensitivity) and thermal stability measurements (DSC) were also carried out. The NT salts all exhibit good thermal stabilities (decomposition above 150 °C). The constant volume energies of combustion (ΔcU(exp)) of 1−6 were experimentally determined ...

Characterization of GdBa1-xSrxCO2O5+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) Double Perovskites as Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Abstract: The effect of Sr2 + substitution for Ba 2+ on the crystal chemistry, oxygen content, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the double perovskite oxides GdBa 1-x Sr x Co 2 O 5+δ has been investigated for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0. The GdBa 1-x SrCo 2 O 5+δ system exhibits a structural change from orthorhombic (x = 0) to tetragonal (0.2 as x ≤ 0.6) to orthorhombic (x = 1) with increasing Sr content. The difference in ionic radii between (Ba 1-x Sr x ) 2+ and Gd 3+ plays a dominant role in determining the oxygen-content value in GdBa 1-x Sr X Co 2 O 5+δ , and the oxygen content and the oxidation state of cobalt increase with increasing Sr content. The electrical conductivity of the GdBa 1-x Sr x Co 2 O 5+δ system increases with Sr content due to an increasing oxygen content and a straightening of the O-Co-O bonds as evidenced by the structural change from orthorhombic to tetragonal. Sr substitution also improves the chemical stability of the GdBa 1-x Sr x Co 2 O 5+δ cathodes in contact with the Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 1.95 and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 2.8 electrolytes at 1100°C. The x = 0.2 and 0.6 samples with a tetragonal structure exhibit higher catalytic activity for ORR in single-cell solid oxide fuel cell than the x = 0 and 1.0 samples with an orthorhombic structure.

High-pressure synthesis of orthorhombic SrIrO3 perovskite and its positive magnetoresistance

Abstract: The orthorhombic SrIrO3 perovskite was synthesized under 5GPa and 1000°C. It is paramagnetic below about 170K and transfers to an unknown magnetism under higher temperature. A band type metal to insulator transition caused by a pseudogap was observed at about 44K. Interestingly a positive magnetoresistance, i.e., resistance increased with applying magnetic field, was observed in the orthorhombic SrIrO3 perovskite below about 170K.

On the hardness of a new boron phase, orthorhombic γ-B28

Abstract: Measurements of the hardness of a new high-pressure boron phase, orthorhombic γ-B28, are reported. According to the data obtained, γ-B28 has the highest hardness (∼ 50 GPa) of all known crystal-line modifications of boron.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting Properties of KNbO3 Nanowires Synthesized through Hydrothermal Method

Abstract: Potassium niobate (KNbO3) nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicated the nanowires are well-crystallized with orthorhombic structure. Hi...

Structure, magnetism, and magnetocaloric properties of MnFeP1−xSix compounds

Abstract: MnFeP1−xSix compounds with x=0.10,0.20,0.24,0.28,…,0.80,1 were prepared by high-energy ball milling and solid-state reaction. The structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties are investigated as a function of temperature and magnetic field. X-ray diffraction studies show that the samples in the range from x=0.28 to 0.64 adopt the hexagonal Fe2P-type structure with a small amount of second phase which increases with increasing Si content. The samples with lower Si content show the orthorhombic Co2P-type structure. Magnetic measurements show that the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition temperatures range from 214to377K. Of much importance is the fact that these compounds do not contain any toxic components and exhibit excellent magnetocaloric properties.

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of New Lanthanide Hydroxyhalide Anion Exchange Materials, Ln2(OH)5X·1.5H2O (X = Cl, Br; Ln = Y, Dy, Er, Yb)

Abstract: A family of layered lanthanide hydroxyhalide intercalation hosts, Ln2(OH)5X·1.5H2O (X = Cl, Br; Ln = Y, Dy, Er, Yb), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and their crystal structure determined. These are the first structures for the m = 1 members of the Ln2(OH)6−m(A)m·nH2O family of intercalation hosts to be determined. Reaction mixtures with Ln = Yb always yield a biphasic product which adopts an orthorhombic or monoclinic crystal structure. In both cases the layer composition is [Yb2(OH)5(H2O)1.5]+ and the Yb is eight or nine coordinated to bridging hydroxide anions and coordinated water molecules. Charge balancing halide anions are located in the interlayer gallery. The orthorhombic structure is adopted by the other chloride host lattices and the monoclinic one by Y2(OH)5Br·1.5H2O. These materials have been shown to undergo facile room temperature anion exchange reactions with a range of organic dicarboxylates.

Crystal structure and growth mechanism of unusually long fullerene (C60) nanowires.

Abstract: Exceptionally long C60 nanowires, with a length to width aspect ratio as large as 3000, are grown from a 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene solution of C60. They have been formed to possess a highly unusual morphology, with each nanowire being composed of two nanobelts joined along the growth direction to give a V-shaped cross section. The crystal structure of these nanowires is found to be orthorhombic, with the unit cell dimensions of a = 10.2 A, b = 20.5 A, and c = 25.6 A. Structural and compositional analyses enable us to explain the observed geometry with an anisotropic molecular packing mechanism that has not been observed previously in C60 crystal studies. The nanowires have been observed to be able to transform into carbon nanofibers following high-temperature treatment, but the original V-shaped morphology can be kept unchanged in the transition. A model for the nanowire morphology based upon the solvent−C60 interactions and preferential growth directions is proposed, and potentially it could be extended for...

Magnetically induced reorientation of martensite variants in constrained epitaxial Ni-Mn-Ga films grown on MgO(001)

Abstract: Magnetically induced reorientation (MIR) is observed in epitaxial orthorhombic Ni-Mn-Ga films. Ni-Mn-Ga films have been grown epitaxially on heated MgO(001) substrates in the cubic austenite state. The unit cell is rotated by 45 relative to the MgO cell. The growth, structure texture and anisotropic magnetic properties of these films are described. The crystallographic analysis of the martensitic transition reveals variant selection dominated by the substrate constraint. The austenite state has low magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In the martensitic state, the magnetization curves reveal an orthorhombic symmetry having three magnetically non-equivalent axes. The existence of MIR is deduced from the typical hysteresis within the first quadrant in magnetization curves and independently by texture measurement without and in the presence of a magnetic field probing microstructural changes. An analytical model is presented, which describes MIR in films with constrained overall extension by the additional degree of freedom of an orthorhombic structure compared to the tetragonal structure used in the standard model.